Chapter 5- Cell Division Flashcards
Genome
-All the DNA in a cell
Chromosomes
-separate DNA molecules that make up the entire genome
Homologous chromosome pairs
-two different versions of the same chromosome number. One from Mother and one from father. (Maternal/Paternal Chromosome)
Sister chromatids
-identical, attached copies of a single chromosome that form dyads.
Dyads
-replicated chromosomes that contain two sister chromatids that look like an “X”
Centromeres
-regions of DNA that connect sister chromatids in a dyad.
Kinetochores
-proteins on the sides of centromeres that help microtubules pull sister chromatids apart during cell division.
Karyokinesis
-division of the nucleus
Cytokinesis
-physical division of the cytoplasm and cell membrane
Parent cell
one parent cell produces two daughter cells after division
Ploidy
- describes the number of chromosome sets found in the body
- Humans are diploid bc they contain two sets of chromosomes (46 chromosomes, 23 pairs)
- Humans also have haploid cells (gametes) that only contain one chromosome set (23 chromosomes)
Haploid
-one set of chromosome (23 chromosomes)
Diploid
-2 sets of chromosomes (46 chromosomes, 23 pairs)
Sex chromosomes
-determines sex of human; one pair in the human body
Autosomes
-22 pairs in the human body; they are nonsex chromosomes
