Chapter 1- Proteins

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

contain C, H, O, N atoms (CHON)

Question 2

Amino acids

Answer 2

are the monomers of proteins.
Contain Amino, Carboxyl, R-group, and Hydrogen atom.
20 amino acids with different R-groups.

Question 3

Polypeptides

Answer 3

made up of amino acids (forms proteins)

Question 4

Proteome

Answer 4

all of the proteins in a single cell. Can vary from cell to cell

Question 5

Polypeptides

Answer 5

polymers of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

Question 6

Dehydration in polypeptides

Answer 6

is what forms peptide bonds and polypeptides

Question 7

Hydrolysis in polypepetides

Answer 7

break peptide bonds

Question 8

N-terminus (amino terminus)

Answer 8

side of polypeptide that ends with amino group

Question 9

C-terminus (carboxyl terminus)

Answer 9

side of polypeptide that ends with carboxyl group

Question 10

Primary structure of protein

Answer 10

sequence of a peptide determined by DNA.

All proteins have primary structure

Question 11

Secondary structure

Answer 11

contains a-helix and B-pleated sheet.

hydrogen bonding between polypeptide backbones (no R-groups)

Question 12

Tertiary Structure

Answer 12

3-D folding structure due to side chain interactions.

hydrophobic or hydrophilic spaces depending on R-groups.

Disulfide bonds are created by covalent bonding between R-groups of 2 cysteine amino acids.

Usually not covalent except for when there is disulfide bond

Question 13

Hydrophobic

Answer 13

water-hating/nonpolar

Question 14

Hydrophilic

Answer 14

water-loving/polar

Question 15

Disulfide bonds

Answer 15

very strong bonds that act to hold tertiary structure pf polypeptide.

Question 16

Cysteine

Answer 16

contains Sulfur (S) which allows for disulfide bonding in 3 structure

Question 17

Quaternary structure

Answer 17

large proteins containing multiple polypeptide chains.

Question 18

Tetramer protein

Answer 18

Has four subunits: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary

ex: hemoglobin

Question 19

Globular protein

Answer 19

spherical caused by tightly folded polypeptide chains.
Usually hydrophilic (water soluble)
ex: hemoglobin, myoglobin

Question 20

Fibrous protein

Answer 20

elongated providing structure support. hydrophobic on the outside making the water non-soluble

Question 21

Proteins classified based on structure and composition

Answer 21

Structure: fibrous, globular, intermediate
Composition: can be simple (amino acids) or conjugated ( amino acids + other component)

Question 22

Protein denaturation

Answer 22

the loss of protein function and structure.

Can denature by:
high or low temperature, ph changes, salt concentrations,
radiation

Only primary structure remains unaffected.

Question 23

Cooking an egg in high heat disrupts IMF in egg’s protein causing it to coagulate, this is an example of

Answer 23

protein denaturation

Question 24

Genome

Answer 24

All the DNA in a cell

Question 25

Cysteine

Answer 25

Amino acid that Contains sulfur (S)

form covalent bonding

Can create disulfide bonds that are very strong