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DAT Biology > Chapter 1- Carbohydrates > Flashcards

Chapter 1- Carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Molecule made up of C H O; can be any form of saccharide

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2
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Carbohydrate made of 1 sugar molecule
Empirical formula: (CH2O)n
n= number of carbons

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3
Q

Ribose

A

Is a five carbon monosaccharide

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4
Q

Fructose

A

6 carbon monosaccharide

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5
Q

Glucose

A

6 carbon monosaccharide

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6
Q

Isomer

A

Molecules with same chemical formula but arrangement is different
Ex: Glucose and Fructose

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7
Q

Disaccharides

A

Carbohydrate made of 2 sugar molecules

Joined by glycosidic bond

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8
Q

Glycosidic bond

A

When a carbohydrate attaches to another molecule

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9
Q

Dehydration (condensation) reaction

A

Water molecule leaves and FORMS covalent bond

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10
Q

Hydrolysis reaction

A

Covalent bond is BROKEN by adding water

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11
Q

Sucrose

A

Disaccharide made of glucose + fructose

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12
Q

Lactose

A

Disaccharide made of glucose + galactose

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13
Q

Maltose

A

Disaccharide made of 2 glucose + glucose

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14
Q

Polysaccharides

A

multiple monosaccharides connected by glycosidic bond to form polymers

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15
Q

Starch

A

Energy storage for plants

Alpha (a) bonded polysaccharide

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16
Q

Amylose

A

Linear plant starch; has α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

17
Q

Amylopectin

A

Branched form of plant starch;

contains both α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and α-1,6-glycosidic bonds.

18
Q

Glycogen

A

energy storage for humans. Stored in Liver and muscle cells

α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and a lot of α-1,6-glycosidic bonds.

More branched than starch

19
Q

Cellulose

A

Structural part of plant cell wall. ex: fiber

Beta (B) bonded β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Linear strands packed in parallel, held by hydrogen bonding

20
Q

Chitin

A 
Structural part in fungi cell wall & ; insect exoskeleton. 
Beta bonded polysaccharide 
Contains nitrogen (N) = is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine.
21
Q

What determines classification of a monosaccharide?

A

The positioning oh hydroxyl (OH) group

If OH points down , alpha sugar
If OH points up, Beta sugar

DAT Biology (22 decks)

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