Chapter 1- Carbohydrates Flashcards
Carbohydrates
Molecule made up of C H O; can be any form of saccharide
Monosaccharide
Carbohydrate made of 1 sugar molecule
Empirical formula: (CH2O)n
n= number of carbons
Ribose
Is a five carbon monosaccharide
Fructose
6 carbon monosaccharide
Glucose
6 carbon monosaccharide
Isomer
Molecules with same chemical formula but arrangement is different
Ex: Glucose and Fructose
Disaccharides
Carbohydrate made of 2 sugar molecules
Joined by glycosidic bond
Glycosidic bond
When a carbohydrate attaches to another molecule
Dehydration (condensation) reaction
Water molecule leaves and FORMS covalent bond
Hydrolysis reaction
Covalent bond is BROKEN by adding water
Sucrose
Disaccharide made of glucose + fructose
Lactose
Disaccharide made of glucose + galactose
Maltose
Disaccharide made of 2 glucose + glucose
Polysaccharides
multiple monosaccharides connected by glycosidic bond to form polymers
Starch
Energy storage for plants
Alpha (a) bonded polysaccharide
Amylose
Linear plant starch; has α-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
Amylopectin
Branched form of plant starch;
contains both α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and α-1,6-glycosidic bonds.
Glycogen
energy storage for humans. Stored in Liver and muscle cells
α-1,4-glycosidic bonds and a lot of α-1,6-glycosidic bonds.
More branched than starch
Cellulose
Structural part of plant cell wall. ex: fiber
Beta (B) bonded β-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
Linear strands packed in parallel, held by hydrogen bonding
Chitin
Structural part in fungi cell wall & ; insect exoskeleton. Beta bonded polysaccharide Contains nitrogen (N) = is a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine.
What determines classification of a monosaccharide?
The positioning oh hydroxyl (OH) group
If OH points down , alpha sugar
If OH points up, Beta sugar
