Chapter 2- Cell Organelles

Question 1

Cytosol

Answer 1

-the aqueous intracellular fluid inside cell membrane

Question 2

Cytoplasm (nucleoplasm)

Answer 2

-Everything within the cell including cytosol and the organelles

Question 3

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 3

-Contain membrane bound organelles.

Question 4

Prokaryotes

Answer 4

-do not contain membrane bound organelles

Question 5

Nucleoid

Answer 5

-where genetic material is

Question 6

Nucleus

Answer 6

• protects and houses DNA.

- DNA replication and transcription (DNA → mRNA) occurs here.

Question 7

Nuclear envelope

Answer 7

• the membrane of the nucleus.

- Contains 2 phospholipid bilayers with a perinuclear space in the middle.

Question 8

Nuclear pores

Answer 8

• are holes in the nuclear envelope that allow molecules to travel in and out of the nucleus.

Question 9

Nuclear lamina

Answer 9

• provides structural support to the nucleus,

- regulates DNA and cell division.

Question 10

Nucleolus

Answer 10

-dense area this is responsible for making rRNA and producing ribosomal proteins

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

• do not contain membrane and are not organelles

- carry out translation (mRNA → protein).

Question 12

Eukaryotic ribosomal subunits

Answer 12

-(60S and 40S)
assemble in the nucleoplasm and are then exported from the nucleus to form the complete
ribosome (80S) in the cytosol.
“S”- stands for how heavy the molecule is

Question 13

Prokaryotic ribosomal subunits

Answer 13

-(50S and 30S)
assemble in the nucleoid and form the complete
ribosome (70S) in the cytosol.

Question 14

Free-floating ribosomes

Answer 14

-Make proteins that function in the cytosol

Question 15

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)

Answer 15

• continuous with outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
• make proteins that are sent out of the cell or to the membrane, after modifications are made inside the lumen.
• is “rough bc it has ribosomes embedded in it.

Question 16

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)

Answer 16

• is NOT continuous with other membranes.

- synthesizes lipids, produces hormones, and detoxifies cells

Question 17

Golgi aparatus

Answer 17

• modifies and packages substances
• made of cisternae (flattened sacs)
• cis face of Golgi apparatus is where vesicles come from ER
• trans face Golgi is where vesicles leave from

Question 18

Lysosomes

Answer 18

• membrane-bound organelles that break down substances (through hydrolysis) after taken in through endocytosis.
• contain acidic digestive enzymes that function at LOW pH
• carry out autophagy

Question 19

Autophagy

Answer 19

-the breakdown of the cell’s own machinery for recycling and apoptosis (programmed cell death)

Question 20

Apoptosis

Answer 20

-programmed cell death