Chapter 5: Arterial Physiology Flashcards
The tendency of a body at rest to stay at rest or a body in a motion to stay in motion
inertia
The energy of work or motion; in the vascular system, it is, in part, represented by the velocity of blood flow
kinetic energy
Flow of a liquid in which it travels smoothly in parallel layers
laminar flow
The law that states the volume of a liquid flowing through a vessel is directly proportional to the pressure of the liquid and the fourth power of the radius and is inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid and the length of the vessel
Poiseuille’s Law
The stored or resting energy; in the vascular system, it is the intravascular pressure
potential energy
The property of a fluid that resists the force tending to cause fluid to flow
viscosity
Total energy of a system is made up of both _____ and _____ energy.
potential
kinetic
stored or resting energy; represented primarily by intravascular pressure which distends vessels; supplied by contraction of heart
potential energy
energy of work or motion
kinetic energy
highest pressure equal to 120 mm HG is found:
left ventricle of heart
Lowest pressure equal to 2-6 mm Hg
right atrium of heart
potential for doing work related to force of gravity
gravitational potential energy
pressure within vessels related to reference point of right atrium
hydrostatic pressure
The farther below the reference point, the _____ the hydrostatic pressure.
greater
Gravitational potential energy and hydrostatic pressure tend to:
cancel each other out
describes the relationship of energy, velocity, and pressure
Bernoulli Principle
when a fluid flows without a change in velocity from one point to another, the total energy content remains constant, providing no frictional losses
Bernoulli Principle
Energy is almost all dissipated in the form of heat because of ____.
friction
balance between potential energy (pressure) and kinetic energy (velocity)
total energy
If the velocity of blood goes up, there must be a pressure ____>
decrease
Energy “losses” are the result of ____ and ____.
viscosity
inertia
the property of a fluid that resists the force tending to cause fluid to flow; friction existing between bordering layers of fluid
viscosity
_____ increases with increases in hematocrit
viscosity
most important influence of blood viscosity
hematocrit