Chapter 1: Orientation to Ultrasound Scanning Flashcards
a region of an ultrasound image free from echoes
anechoic
A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front or ventral) and posterior (back or dorsal) regions; also known as the frontal plane
coronal plane
a region of an ultrasound image having mixed or differing ultrasound echoes
heterogeneous
a region of an ultrasound image having a uniform appearance on ultrasound with echoes that appear similar
homogeneous
a region of an ultrasound image with echoes that are brighter than the surrounding tissue or brighter than normal
hyperechoic
a region of an ultrasound image with echoes that are darker than the surrounding tissue or darker than normal
hypoechoic
a region of an ultrasound image producing echoes that are the same as the surrounding tissue with equal brightness
isoechoic
a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left regions
sagittal plane
a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts; it is perpendicular to the coronal and sagittal planes
transverse plane
AAA
abdominal aortic aneurysm
ABD
abdomen
ABI
ankle branchial index
AI
acceleration index
ANT
anterior
AVF
arteriovenous fistula
AVM
arteriovenous malformation
BP
blood pressure
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
CAD
coronary artery disease
CAUD
caudal
CDI
Color Doppler imaging
CEPH
cephalad
CVI
chronic venous insufficiency
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
DM
diabetes mellitus
DVT
deep venous thrombosis
DX
diagnosis
EDV
end diastolic velocity
HR
heart rate
HTN
hypertension
HX
history (history of complaint)
IDDM
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
INF
inferior
IP
inpatient
LAT
lateral
LE
lower extremity
LT
left
MED
medial
OP
outpatient
PAD
peripheral arterial disease
PE
pulmonary embolus
PI
pulsatility index
POST
posterior
PPG
photoplethysmography
PSV
peak systolic velocity
PT
patient
PTCA
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
PVR
pulse volume recording
Q
flow
RAR
renal aortic ratio
RAS
renal artery stenosis
RI
resistance index
RT
right
SAG
sagittal
SUPR
superior
TCD
transcranial Doppler
TCI
transcranial imaging
TIA
transient ischemic attack
TRV
transverse
UE
upper extremity
US
ultrasound
VPR
volume pulse recording
WNL
within normal limits
toward the front; a structure in front of another structure
anterior
toward the feet
caudal
toward the head
cephalad
a structure on the opposite side of the body
contralateral
away from the surface or skin
deep
farther away from the heart; farther away from the origin; farther away from the point of attachment
distal
related to the back of the body; toward the back of the body
dorsal
toward the feet; a structure lower than another structure
inferior
a structure on the same side of the body
ipsilateral
away from the center of the body or a structure; toward the side of the body
lateral
toward the center of the body or a structure; toward the midline or middle of the body
medial
toward the back of the body; a structure that is behind another structure
posterior
closer to the heart; closer to the origin; closer to the point of attachment
proximal
toward the surface of the skin
superficial
toward the head; a structure higher than another structure
superior
related to the front of the body
ventral
runs vertically along long axis of body
separates body into left and right sections
longitudinal or long-axis plane
sagittal plane
planes running vertically along long axis of body but not through midline
parasagittal planes
splits body into anterior and posterior sections
courses vertically through the long axis of the body
perpendicular to sagittal plane
also known as the frontal plane
coronal plane
passes through the body in a plane that is parallel to the ground
perpendicular to sagittal and frontal planes
seperates the body into superior and inferior sections
sometimes referred to as axial, short-axis, or horizontal view
transverse plane
any plane that is not a true sagittal, coronal, or transverse plane
oblique plane
lying on the back
supine
lying face down
prone
lying on the right side
right lateral decubitus
lying on the left side
left lateral decubitus
lying prone with left side elevated
right anterior oblique
lying prone with right side elevated
left anterior oblique
lying supine with left side elevated
right posterior oblique
lying supine with with right side elevated
left posterior oblique
patient supine, body tilted with head elevated between 15 degrees and 30 degrees above the feet
reverse trendlenburg
a region of an ultrasound image with echoes that are brighter than the surrounding tissue or brighter than normal
hyperechoic
a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts
sagittal plane
a region of an ultrasound image free from echoes
anechoic
a region of an ultrasound image with echoes that are darker than the surrounding tissue or darker than normal
hypoechoic
a region of an ultrasound image having mixed or differing ultrasound echoes
heterogeneous
a plane that divides the body into superior and inferior parts
transverse plane
a region of an ultrasound image producing echoes that are the same as the surrounding tissue with equal brightness
isoechoic
a structure that produces ultrasound echoes
echogenic
a region of an ultrasound image having a uniform appearance on ultrasound with echoes that appear similar
homogeneous
a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back parts
coronal plane
When reading a patient’s medical record, you come across the abbreviation HTN. What does this stand for?
Hypertension
When a body is depicted standing erect with arms at the side and the face and palms directed forward, what is this known as?
anatomical position
Which of the following terms indicates towards the head?
a. caudal
b. posterior
c. lateral
d. cephalad
d
Which anatomic plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections?
transverse
If you were to view the common carotid artery in long axis, what anatomic body plane would you be using?
sagittal
What is the position in which a patient is lying fully on their left side?
left lateral decubitus
Which patient position would be appropriate if you were to image the right kidney from a posterior approach?
prone
When examining the lower extremity veins, what position is often used to aid in venous filling?
reverse trendelenburg’s position
When scanning in a transverse plane, where should the “notch” on the transducer be?
toward the patient’s right side
In vascular imaging, on which side of the screen should the head of the patient appear when scanning in a sagittal plane?
left
What is a fluid-filled structure that appears black on an ultrasound image said to be?
anechoic
A mass, which has the same echogenicity as the surrounding liver tissue, is noted within the liver. What term would be used to describe this mass?
isoechoic
How would the internal carotid artery be related directionally to the common carotid artery?
the internal carotid artery is distal to the common carotid artery
A patient is discovered to have a blood clot in their leg. What abbreviation would be used for this diagnosis?
DVT
What is a plane that runs vertically through the body but not through the midline?
parasaggital
The vertical plane that courses exactly through the midline of the body is the _____ plane.
midlinesagittal
The abbreviation used to describe a stroke would be ____.
TIA
The coronal plane that splits the body into anterior and posterior sections can also be known as the _____ plane.
frontal
The transverse plane can also be known as _______ view, especially with reference to viewing a vessel/
axial/short axis/ horizontal
When imaging the pancreas on its long axis within the body, the anatomic plane that is typically used is a(n) _____ plane.
oblique
A good patient position to use to evaluate the spleen would be ____ position.
LPO
When depicting an image in a transverse plane on an ultrasound image, the left side of the patient should be displayed on the ____ side of the screen.
right
The term used to refer to a structure that produces ultrasound echoes is _____.
echogenic
A plaque noted in the common femoral artery has regions that are anechoic and hyperechoic. This plaque would be described as _____.
heterogeneous
A directional term that describes a structure that is below another structure is _____.
inferior
The celiac artery would be considered ____, directionally, to the superior mesenteric artery.
superior
The abbreviation WNL stands for _____.
within normal limits
If the patient is lying supine, medical images are displayed as if viewing the patient from the feet ____.
upward
Holding the ultrasound transducer incorrectly can cause the image to be displayed ____.
backward
On an ultrasound image, the inner portion of the kidney is brighter than or _____ when compared to the outer rim of the cortex.
hyperechoic
