Chapter 11-14 Review Questions

Question 1

Why does duplex ultrasound have an advantage over contrast angiography for the examination of vessel walls?

Answer 1

the wall thickness can be measured

Question 2

When assessing the appearance of plaque on a grayscale image, what might an irregular plaque surface indicate?

Answer 2

an area of ulceration

Question 3

What are the advantages of synthetic grafts when compared to autogenous vein graft?

Answer 3

low rate of early technical problems

Question 4

What is the most common cause of in situ vein bypass graft stenosis?

Answer 4

intimal hyperplasia

Question 5

In the presence of an SFA occlusion, what vessel usually provides collateral flow?

Answer 5

deep femoral artery

Question 6

What is the main pitfall in the interpretation of PVR waveforms and other physiologic data?

Answer 6

inability to determine approximate level of disease

Question 7

Buerger’s disease is an arterial disorder involving which of the following vessels?
a. renal arteries
b. coronary arteries
c. pelvic arteries
d. digital arteries

Answer 7

d

Question 8

Which of the following would be considered risk factors for the development of PAOD?
a. history of smoking
b. coexisting clinical conditions such as TIA, CAD, hypertension, and diabetes
c. family history of cardiac and/or peripheral vascular disease
d. all of the above

Answer 8

d

Question 9

PW-Doppler spectral waveforms obtained from the common femoral arteries bilaterally are measured for the rise time (RT). The rise RT is 0.09 seconds, and the left is 0.19 seconds. What is the anatomic level of the occlusive disease?

Answer 9

left iliac disease

Question 10

The innominate artery is also called the:

Answer 10

brachiocephalic

Question 11

What is the first modality that should be used to examine a bypass graft?

Answer 11

B-mode

Question 12

Which type of disease is associated with blueness of the toes?

Answer 12

aneurysmal disease

Question 13

Which of the following is associated with vasospasm and digital color changes due to an underlying process such as scleroderma or trauma?
a. primary Raynaud’s phenomenon
b. thoracic outlet syndrome
c. secondary Raynaud’s syndrome
d. thromboangitis obliterans

Answer 13

c

Question 14

When an arteriolar bed cannot dilate further and blood flow to the extremity is reduced due to proximal arterial disease, what symptom will the patient likely experience?

Answer 14

limb swelling

Question 15

What is the term to describe an autogenous vein graft in which the vein retains its original anatomical direction?

Answer 15

orthograde

Question 16

Why is the use of contrast angiography in diabetics patients particularly worrisome?

Answer 16

nephrotoxic agent

Question 17

In synthetic aortofemoral or femoro-femoral grafts where may pseudoaneurysms although rare occur

Answer 17

distal anastamosis

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT one of the main advantages of PVR?
a. records overall segment perfusion
b. can give data even with calcified arteries
c. is easy and quick to perform
d. provides quantitative values

Answer 18

d

Question 19

A high-pressure extravasation of blood out of an artery and into the surrounding tissue is called a(n):

Answer 19

pseudo aneurysm

Question 20

During arterial mapping of the radial artery, you should do all of the following except:
a. determine if there is a calcified wall
b. measure the peak systolic velocities proximal and distal
c. perform reactive hyperemia on the arm
d. check for stenosis

Answer 20

c

Question 21

What is the main technical limitation in the routine use of duplex ultrasound instead of contrast angiography to visualize the arteries of the lower extremities due to:

Answer 21

most plaque will be calcified

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a method to obtain arterial waveforms from the extremities or digits?
a. plethysmography
b. photoplethysmography
c. CW doppler
d. segmental systolic pressures

Answer 22

d

Question 23

On a posterior approach of the popliteal fossa, what is the branch identified on the anterior aspect of the image in relation to the popliteal artery?

Answer 23

gastrocnemius artery

Question 24

Which artery is best visualized by a posterolateral approach at the level of the calf?

Answer 24

the peroneal artery

Question 25

Which statement about intermittent claudication is false?
a. it is generally described as pain with exercise that is relieved by rest
b. it can be asymptomatic at rest
c. ABI values consistent with claudication are generally between 0.5 and 0.8
d. The amount of activity that produces the symptoms varies day to day

Answer 25

c

Question 26

Which of the following presents the highest risk from a popliteal artery aneurysm?
a. rupture
b. infection
c. nerve compression
d. distal embolization

Answer 26

d

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a factor typically associated with the need to perform contrast angiography after a limited duplex ultrasound of the arterial system?
a. high infrapopliteal vessel calcification
b. limb threatening ischemia
c. female gender
d. older age

Answer 27

c

Question 28

Which transducer would allow optimal near field imaging for the evaluation of a superficial, in site vein and graft

Answer 28

10-12 MHz linear

Question 29

How is low resistance blood flow characterized on a Doppler spectrum?

Answer 29

antegrade flow throughout diastole

Question 30

What is the most convenient and reliable technique to obtain digital pressures while using a small digital cuff?

Answer 30

PVR