Chapter 11-14 Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Why does duplex ultrasound have an advantage over contrast angiography for the examination of vessel walls?

A

the wall thickness can be measured

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2
Q

When assessing the appearance of plaque on a grayscale image, what might an irregular plaque surface indicate?

A

an area of ulceration

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3
Q

What are the advantages of synthetic grafts when compared to autogenous vein graft?

A

low rate of early technical problems

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of in situ vein bypass graft stenosis?

A

intimal hyperplasia

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5
Q

In the presence of an SFA occlusion, what vessel usually provides collateral flow?

A

deep femoral artery

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6
Q

What is the main pitfall in the interpretation of PVR waveforms and other physiologic data?

A

inability to determine approximate level of disease

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7
Q

Buerger’s disease is an arterial disorder involving which of the following vessels?
a. renal arteries
b. coronary arteries
c. pelvic arteries
d. digital arteries

A

d

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8
Q

Which of the following would be considered risk factors for the development of PAOD?
a. history of smoking
b. coexisting clinical conditions such as TIA, CAD, hypertension, and diabetes
c. family history of cardiac and/or peripheral vascular disease
d. all of the above

A

d

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9
Q

PW-Doppler spectral waveforms obtained from the common femoral arteries bilaterally are measured for the rise time (RT). The rise RT is 0.09 seconds, and the left is 0.19 seconds. What is the anatomic level of the occlusive disease?

A

left iliac disease

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10
Q

The innominate artery is also called the:

A

brachiocephalic

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11
Q

What is the first modality that should be used to examine a bypass graft?

A

B-mode

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12
Q

Which type of disease is associated with blueness of the toes?

A

aneurysmal disease

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13
Q

Which of the following is associated with vasospasm and digital color changes due to an underlying process such as scleroderma or trauma?
a. primary Raynaud’s phenomenon
b. thoracic outlet syndrome
c. secondary Raynaud’s syndrome
d. thromboangitis obliterans

A

c

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14
Q

When an arteriolar bed cannot dilate further and blood flow to the extremity is reduced due to proximal arterial disease, what symptom will the patient likely experience?

A

limb swelling

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15
Q

What is the term to describe an autogenous vein graft in which the vein retains its original anatomical direction?

A

orthograde

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16
Q

Why is the use of contrast angiography in diabetics patients particularly worrisome?

A

nephrotoxic agent

17
Q

In synthetic aortofemoral or femoro-femoral grafts where may pseudoaneurysms although rare occur

A

distal anastamosis

18
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the main advantages of PVR?
a. records overall segment perfusion
b. can give data even with calcified arteries
c. is easy and quick to perform
d. provides quantitative values

A

d

19
Q

A high-pressure extravasation of blood out of an artery and into the surrounding tissue is called a(n):

A

pseudo aneurysm

20
Q

During arterial mapping of the radial artery, you should do all of the following except:
a. determine if there is a calcified wall
b. measure the peak systolic velocities proximal and distal
c. perform reactive hyperemia on the arm
d. check for stenosis

A

c

21
Q

What is the main technical limitation in the routine use of duplex ultrasound instead of contrast angiography to visualize the arteries of the lower extremities due to:

A

most plaque will be calcified

22
Q

Which of the following is NOT a method to obtain arterial waveforms from the extremities or digits?
a. plethysmography
b. photoplethysmography
c. CW doppler
d. segmental systolic pressures

A

d

23
Q

On a posterior approach of the popliteal fossa, what is the branch identified on the anterior aspect of the image in relation to the popliteal artery?

A

gastrocnemius artery

24
Q

Which artery is best visualized by a posterolateral approach at the level of the calf?

A

the peroneal artery

25
Q

Which statement about intermittent claudication is false?
a. it is generally described as pain with exercise that is relieved by rest
b. it can be asymptomatic at rest
c. ABI values consistent with claudication are generally between 0.5 and 0.8
d. The amount of activity that produces the symptoms varies day to day

A

c

26
Q

Which of the following presents the highest risk from a popliteal artery aneurysm?
a. rupture
b. infection
c. nerve compression
d. distal embolization

A

d

27
Q

Which of the following is NOT a factor typically associated with the need to perform contrast angiography after a limited duplex ultrasound of the arterial system?
a. high infrapopliteal vessel calcification
b. limb threatening ischemia
c. female gender
d. older age

A

c

28
Q

Which transducer would allow optimal near field imaging for the evaluation of a superficial, in site vein and graft

A

10-12 MHz linear

29
Q

How is low resistance blood flow characterized on a Doppler spectrum?

A

antegrade flow throughout diastole

30
Q

What is the most convenient and reliable technique to obtain digital pressures while using a small digital cuff?

A

PVR