Chapter 5 Flashcards
when is protein gradient created?
he product of the electron transport chain.
ATP synthase ezyme
creates atp
Do enxymes catalyze every chemical event in cells?
Yes
Cofcator
metal ion or organic compound
Substrate of catalase
h202
Catalase has
four cofactors called hemes
When a phosphate group is transferred from one moeucle to another
phosphorylation
ATP is a ____
coenxyme
Lipid head
glycerol and phoshate
Diffusion is drievn by -___ energy
kinetic
May need faciliated diffusion if
carrying a charge or polar
What diffuses through membrane easily>
Lipids, o2 and co2
Cell ruptures
cytolysis
animal cells drinks due to hypertonic solution
crenation
Water rushes out of plant cell
plasmolysis
Catalysis of red blood cell
hemolysis
Electrons are at a ____ energy level when they enter a chain than when they leave
higher
Atoms of metal elements
ready lose or gain electrons
Are cofactors always bound to enzyme?
No
Catalase’s substrate is
h202
Catalase is an
antioxidant
Bonds between phosphate groups hold ___ of energy compared to other bonds
a lot
forms when enzyme transfers phosphate group from ATP to another molecule
AdP
ATP used to drive ___ reactions
ender
Chrage affect?
Positively charges substance like sodium ions diffuses toward region with neg
the amount of turgor that is enough to stop osmosis
osmotic pressure
Osmosis is ___ transport
Passive
what forms ATP
ATP synthase enzyme
loss of turgor pressure due to hypertonic
plasmolysis
what type proteins does facilitated diffusion use
carrier proteins
When membrane changes charge and it opens the gate
voltage charge
Gated ion channels controlled by
electrical symbols
moves H pluses
proton pump
negative charge inside, positive charge outside
resting potential
sodium potassium pump restores
resting potential
Describes a reaction ends with net release free energy
exergonic
redox reaction aka
electron transfer
Disesase destroy liver tissue
Alcoholic hepatitis
molecules of substance bind to receptors on PM
receptor- mediated endocytosis
pumps water out of cell
contractile vacuole
transport protein through which ions pass
ion channel
aerobic resp ____ energy
harvest
what contributes to free energy
bond energy and entropy
release energy when combine with
02
___ is example of metabolic pathway
photosynthesis
force substrates
orienting
inducing fit
shutting out water
are what
how they lower activation energy
form between reactants and products
intermediate molecuesl
where are reactions produced
active site
reach breaking point
transition state
in induced fit what changes
enzyme
pepsin likes ___ pH
low
adding heat nrg
boosts free org
Uses ETC?
Photosynthesis
Is atp a cofactor
yes
What couples end with ex?
ATP/ADP
weakens bond to help reaction
induced fit
too much salt what happens
hydrogen bonds break and denature
two types of metabolic pathways
linear and ciclclic
cyclical examples
Krebs – cell respects
Calvin – photo
Coupling forward/reverse
Regulatory molecules
Allosteric
Feedback inhibition
All what
control over metabolism
Substrate of catalase?
h202
h202 leads to
free radicals
what does facilitated diffusion use
carrier proteins
Carrier proteins might make up
cell membrane pumps
Normal cells have
higher na plus outside
high k plus inside
carrier proteins pump
3 na plus out, 2 potassium ions in
Maintains correct charge inandout
potential difference
what is sodium potassium pump good for
nerve cell function
3 types of Active transport
Molecular pumps
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Proton pump good for
photo/cell resp
What carries out endocytosis
a phagocyte
