Chapter 5 Flashcards
Direct beam electrons across surface of specimen coated with metal
scanning electron microscope
Dense mesh of fibrous proteins that supports inner surface of membrane
nuclear lamina
organelle develops from centriole
basal body
Mesh of cytoskeletal elemtsn under a plasma membrane
cell cortex
short, movable structure that projects from plasma membrane of some eukaryotic cells
Cilia
are cilia in pros
no
Peroxisomes
enzymes, breaks down aa, fa, and toxic substances
What does fluids mosaic model
cell membrane
FM in what dimension
two
Material that stregthens cell walls of vascular plants
lignin
Intermediate filament
supports CM and tissues
Microfilament
fiber of actin subunits
reinforces cell membrane
Muscle contractions
Complex mixture of cell secretions
ECM
Structure connects cell to another cell or to ECM
cell junction
In the slim
Biofilm
Motor protein that interacts with microtubules to cause flagella and cilia in elks to move
dynein
fibrous protein makes up type of intermediate filaments which form nuclear lamina
lamin
Cell junction composed of adhesion proteins that connect to cytoskeletal elements. Fastens cell to each other/to basement membrane
Adhering junction
Network of interconnected protein filaments that supports, organize, and move eukaryote cells and their parts
Cytoskleeton
Do pros have cytoskeleton
no
Protein filament that projects from surface of some pros
pilis
Motor protein that interacts with microfilaments to cause muscle cell contraction
myosin
Basement membrane
ECM secreted by animal cells, not cell membrane, sheet of fibrous materials that organizes tissues
Who was basement membrane?
animal cells
Arrays of adhesion proteins join epithelial cells and collectively stop leakage
tight junctions
Semifuluid interior of chloroplasts that contains enzymes and chloroplast’s own DNA
stroma
Does cell wall have pores?
Yes
What is cell wall in?
fungi, some protists, plant cells
what has two lipid bilayers?
envelope
Must be pores in membrane for…
nuclei
is cell wall permeable
yes
fluid-filled organelle; isolates/disposes of waste, debris, toxic materials
vacuole
Golgi, er , etc.
endomembrane system
EM system place
between nucleus and plasma membrane
sER makes
lipids/breaks down carbs and fa
rER
synthesize proteins
What grows from centriole
microtubules
Whatintermediate filaments in hair
keratin
Globular protein; makes up microfilaments
actin
Microtuble
involved in movement
is microtubule hollow
yes
one-thousandth of a millimeter
micrometer
All cells have
cell membrane, cytoplasm, control center, organelles
do pros have phos bilayer besides cell membrane?
No
Size pros
1 to 2 mm
eukaryote size
10 to 20 mm
compound light microscope pro/con
Pro: see living things
Con: limited power
Polarized
3D edge effect
Transmission power
200,000
slice?
Transmission
All must be dead in
Transmission
Transmission shows
interior
2D
Trans
Surface coated with metal
scanning
scanning power
100,000
plasticine:
Trans
2 membrane proteins
peripheral
integral
Embedded in whole layer
integral
only located in the inner or outer surface of the phospholipid bilayer like floating iceberg
peripheral
what is in phospholipid head?
Phosphate group and glycerol
Partially embedded is
Peripheral
Cholesterol stabilized
cell membrane
too much cholesterol is
plaque
Glycoprotein
carbohydrate groups attached to the polypeptide chain
what makes glycoprotein
oligo and protein
Connect cells together
Junction proteins
help cells stick together
Adhesion proteins
translation aka
protein synthesis
Pilus specialized for recombination
sex pilus
what is flagella made of
microtubules
movable strucutre projects from PM of some euks
cilim
Organelles without membrane
ribosomes centriole
What type of cells have ribosomes
all
what type ofcelss have centrioles
animal
Involved in mitosis
centriole
Human Resources
nucleolus
Parts of EM
vesicles, eR, Golgi
Produces phospholipids
rer
releases calcium and detoxifies
ser
Caclium helps
contract
Autophagy
is the body’s way of cleaning out damaged cells
self eating
endosome
vesicle being brought into cell
when fused with vesicle in cell
Catalcase …
neutralizes
h202 is
hydrogen peroxide
autolysis is how cells to go
apoptosis
Autolysis:
lysosomes release contents and degrades surrounding enviro
What do peroxisomes produce
H202
Lysosomes can engulf
damaged organelles
Dextox
Peroxiding
Contractile Vacuoles…
expel excess liquid
Do mitochondria have dan
yes
parts of mitochondria
outer membrane
Inner membrane
cristae
matrix
cristae
folds
matrix
space inside folds
ATP from flow of
hydrogen ions
___ allows for ATP
oxygen
expl. for euks
endosymbiosis
endosymbiosis
small eukaryote in large eukaryote becomes dependent
Mito has own…
dna, ribosomes, outer membranes, divides
What gives structure
nucelar lamina
flattened sac in chloroplast
Thylakoid
smallest are
microfilaments
largest are
microtubules
Myosin
contraction
Denein
moves cilia and flagella
what makes up cortex
filaments
what makes centrioles and sprinkle fibers
microtubules
do filaments have motion
yes
Flagella is __ in eus, __ in pros
wave, propeller
9:2 array found in
cilia or flagella
9:2
9 pairs tubules plus one pair at core
Spindle fibers
tubules
extend from one side to other of cell during division
Motor protein that helps move flag/cilia
dynein
Motor protein helps contractions
myosin
int. form nuclear laimna
laimns
int. filament in hair
keratin
dynien
myosin
laim
keratin
motor
motor
int.
int.
Basement membrane between
epithelial and connective tissue
3 types junctions
Tight
Adhering
Gap
Tight j
adhesion proteins join epithelial cells (stomach)
Adhering junctions
connect to cytoskeletal elements (skin)
Gap junctions in
heart
Who has mitochondria?
Both plants and animals
Centriole only in…
animal cells
how make atp
cellular respiration
