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9th Grade Biology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

proto oncogenes can

A

mutate into oncogenes

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2
Q

oncogenes

A

help transform a normal cell into a tumor cell

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3
Q

not a cleavage furrow but a

A

cell plate

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4
Q

retain PM adhesion proteins that help them properly ahchored to other cells

A

benign

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5
Q

Dolly was cloned from an

A

adult somatic cell

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6
Q

Telomerase

A

reverse telomere shortening o

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7
Q

when does telomere shortening occur

A

after DNA replication

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8
Q

Proteins that regulate expression of dNA repair enzymes

A

tumor suppressor genes

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9
Q

cancer occurs when a malignant neoplasm

A

physically and metabolically disrupts body tissues

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10
Q

cell does what it’s supposed to

A

interphase

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11
Q

Centrioles are

A

microtule barrels at right angles to each other

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12
Q

dense region in the cytoplasm containing centrioles

A

centrosome

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13
Q

what breaks down in prophase

A

nuclear envelope breaks down and nucleolus disappears

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14
Q

Prophase

A

centrioles move to opposite poles and spindle fibers form

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15
Q

In prophase chromosomes are now __

A

condensed and visible

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16
Q

where are kintekore fivers located

A

centromere

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17
Q

what do kintecore fibers do

A

pull chromosomes

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18
Q

polar fibers go from ____ and provide ____

A

pole to pole

stability

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19
Q

Mitotic spindle in completely formed (made of spindle fibers and microtubules)

A

metaphase

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20
Q

the middle aka

A

metaphase plate

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21
Q

___ are pulled to opposite poles

A

sister chromatids

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22
Q

after pulled to opposite pulls, they are referred to as

A

true chromosomes

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23
Q

Telophase: __ forms around each __

A

nuclear envelope

chromosome

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24
Q

is nucleolus visible in telophase?

A

yes

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25
Q

What disassembles in telophase

A

spindle fibers

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26
Q

after PMAT cells go to

A

interphase

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27
Q

are centrioles already there in interphase

A

yes

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28
Q

what are 2 main parts of cell cycle

A

interphase

cell division

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29
Q

what is interphase made of

A

g1, s, g2

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30
Q

what is cell division made of

A

mitosis

cytokinesis

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31
Q

only one copy of each info in

A

interphase

32
Q

G2 purpose

A

prepare for division

33
Q

mitosis results in

A

two identical diploid somatic cells

34
Q

enzymes are

A

helikase
primase
Polymerase
Ligase

35
Q

white blood cells

A

limphasites

36
Q

what are in G0

A

limphasites and neurons

37
Q

why are memory cells stored in G0?

A

to be ready for another attack (they record memories of making antibodies)

38
Q

cells might enter G0 after

A

G1

39
Q

checkpoitnts after

A

G1 and G2

40
Q

period of massive growth

A

G1

41
Q

makes organelles ready

A

G1

42
Q

additional growth and replicating structures needed for divison

A

G2

43
Q

detours to G0 if

A

not going to undergo diviosn

44
Q

you can have

A

copied and uncapped homologous pair

45
Q

> < is

A

uncopied homologous pair chromosomes

46
Q

XX is

A

copied homogenous pair of chromosomes

47
Q 
tall
lots acne
learning disabilities
feminine fat deposits
fertility issues
A

Trisomy 23

48
Q

XXY

A

trisomy 23

49
Q

brakes on cell cycle keep cells in

A

G1

50
Q

Nutrient availability
DNA damagee
Completion of DNA copyingqchckpoin genes

A

checkpoint genes

51
Q

what form contractile line down midline

A

actin and myosin

52
Q

Plant:

A

dissassemle mirotubles, which move vesicles to midline

53
Q

shorten by __ each recplication

A

100 chromosmes

54
Q

replace lost nucleotides

A

telomerase

55
Q

when telomerase removed in mice

A

telomeres unnaturally short

56
Q

can checkpoint genes mutuate

A

y

57
Q

Benign

A

cysts, warts, tumor

58
Q

growth factors can be

A

proto-oncogenes

59
Q

most neoplasms have mutations resulting in overavbundance of

A

Epidermal growth factor receptor

60
Q

lead to proteins that interfere with tumor suppressors

A

HPV

61
Q

tumor suppressors

A

inhibit mitosis

62
Q

normally, pro ones

A

code for proteins that help regulate cell division

63
Q

what have abnormal chromosome number

A

malignant cells

64
Q

use fermentation

A

malignant cells

65
Q

what are immortal and replace mortal cells

A

stem cells

66
Q

___ in sex cells run in families

A

oncogene mutations

67
Q

create polio vaccine

A

Hela

68
Q

Most common
Pigmented
Least dangerous

A

Basal cell carcinoma

69
Q

2nd most common
pink and firm
under surface

A

squamous cell carcinoma

70
Q

malignant melanoma is

A

pigmented

71
Q

Hela person

A

Henrietta Lacka

72
Q

oncogenes are

A

cancer causing genes

73
Q

do plant cells have centrosomes

A

no

74
Q

vesicles cluster before

A

mitosis ends

75
Q

__ are duplicated before prophase

A

centrosomes

76
Q

cytoplasm divides between

A

A and T

77
Q

__ makes cleavage furrow

A

contractile ring of action and myosin

9th Grade Biology (18 decks)

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