Chapter 5-8 Flashcards
What was the earliest known trade route?
The silk road
What placers did the sild road link?
Asia and Europe
How did the Silk Road get its name?
It was named after the beautiful cloth made in China from thread harvested from silkworms
What was transported on the silk road?
It distributed many prized goods, such as peppercorns and Ideas
What is an example of an idea that was traded on the Silk Road?
The Indo-Arabic number system
Where did the Indo-Arabic Number System originate and where did it go?
- The system originated in India and was later adopted in the Middle East.
- Europeans who traded with Middle Eastern merchants introduced the system to Italy.
- From Italy, this new system quickly spread throughout Europe
Who created the idea that globalization evolved in 3 distinct phases?
Indian journalist, author, and technology consultant Ashutosh Sheshabalaya
Describe the first evolutive phase of globalization?`
-Goods and ideas were exchanged along ancient trade
routes.
-During this phase, the Arab civilizations
“were among the first ambassadors of the realm of ideas.”
-They transferred knowledge of Indian science, medicine, literature, and mathematics to Europe
Describe the second evolutive phase of globalization?
This phase began in the late 1400s.
- Building on new ideas, Europeans developed technologies that enabled them to sail much farther than ever before.
- The growth of globalization was related to European imperialism, a term that refers to one country’s domination of another country’s economic, political, and cultural institutions
Describe the third evolutive phase of globalization?
The world is now in this phase, which evolved from the second round and began after World War II.
-It is a time of rapid growth of world markets and nearly instant communications and will be marked by the rapid rise of China and India as economic powers.
What is the second round of Ashutosh Sheshabalaya theory also called?
Historical gloabalization
What marked the beginning of the second phase or Hirstorical globalization?
1492, the year Christopher Columbus made his first voyage to the Caribbean
What ended the second phase or historical globalization?
When the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers after World War II
What is the 3rd phase of globalization also know as?
This post-World War II period is often called contemporary globalization
What did Johannes Gutenberg make?
The printing press
What was the most important invention of the second millennium?
A printer
How did people make books before the printer?
Books in Europe had been painstakingly copied by hand
Why was the printer so revolutionary?
As books were produced more quickly and cheaply, more people could afford to buy them, and this encouraged more people to learn to read. The printed word played an important role in spreading new ideas about science, religion, politics, and philosophy across Europe
Why did wealth become a measure of social class?
Townspeople and city dwellers depended on their knowledge of a craft or their skill as traders and entrepreneurs. This knowledge and skill gave them new ways of accumulating wealth
Which group of people were the first known middle-class?
Townspeople and city dwellers
What did city-dwellers encourage?
a belief that people should be able to act freely.
-As a result, they often valued education and welcomed innovations such as exploration, scientific discoveries, and new technologies.
What layed the foundation for historical globalization?
New ideas and new technologies, combined with a desire to profit through trade
What were centres of innovation and learning in the 19th century?
The Middle East
What did the introduction of large sails help to foster?
Larger ships that could be built. That were also faster and more manoeuvrable.
What were 2 inventions that helped to foster trade?
Navigational tools
Gunpowder
Who inspired many European countries to establish colonies in the America’s?
Christopher Columbus
Why did some European countries have an advantage in establishing colonies in the America’s?
Because they have had experience with boats due to their countries being near coasts and large bodies of water.
What is European Imperialism?
The policy of extending a country’s power by acquiring new territories and establishing control over other countries and peoples
What was European imperialism inspired by?
Trade
Why did European Monarchs establish colonies in the America’s?
European monarchs believed that colonies would increase trade by providing both cheap raw materials and markets for goods produced in the home country
What did trade bring to colonies?
Trade brought economic prosperity, and economic prosperity brought power.
How did European governments strictly control trade in the colony?
They made rules such as:
-They required a colony’s raw materials to be shipped to the home country. Only there could they be used to make finished products.
-Colonizers were not allowed to set up factories and use the colony’s raw materials to manufacture goods in the colony. The products made in the
home country were then shipped back to the colony and sold.
Why did Europeans create strict laws for the colonies?
To ensure prosperity, they believed that the balance of trade must favour the home country: its exports must be higher than its imports.
How did European countries keep their colonial markets strong?
Governments often prohibited colonies from importing goods from other European countries. This eliminated competition and meant that people in colonies could buy only goods made in the home country
What was the process of strictly controlling the trade of the colonies by Europeans countries called?
Mercantilism
What caused the American revolution?
Dissatisfaction with mercantilism by British colonies rebelled
What came out of the American revolution?
The United States of America as an independent country
What laid the groundwork for capitalism?
A book titiled “The Wealth of Nations”
What did the “Wealth of Nations” say?
It challenged government economic control and advocated free trade, competition, and choice as routes to economic prosperity.
What did European people do when they came to a new place?
They declared that the indigenous people were their subjects and enslaved them
Why did Europeans have such an advantage over places that they colonized?
Naval power, as well as guns and cannons, gave early European colonizers a significant military advantage over those who tried to resist.
Why was colonization in Japan and China less successful?
Because they had strong central governments
Why did Europeans encourage people from the home country to settle in the colonies?
-Settlers provided a pool of people to run the colony, supervise the gathering of resources, and protect the home country’s trading interests.
-Emigration also helped reduce conflict at home.
-Pressure to make European agriculture more efficient had created unrest as many peasants
were driven off the land
How were the Aztecs affected by Spanish Colonization?
The Aztecs were enslaved and lost their way of life
How were the First Nations people affected by Europeans Colonization?
At first they benefited from the Fur Trade but as Europeans built settlements and started farming they began to get forced off their land
What took the greatest toll on indigenous people in the America’s?
European diseases that killed 75-90 percent of the indigenous peoples
Why did Europeans call First Nations Indians?
Because they thought they reached india
Who spoke up against the harsh treatment of Africans
Bartolomé de Las Casas
What sparked the Abolitionist Movement?
A book by Olaudah Equiano
Who at first wanted to maintain slave laws?
Wealthy rich slave laws
What is the Grand Exchange?
The exchange of goods and cargo that were not native to the country
What are some examples things exchanged in the grand exchange?
Sunflowers and Coffee
What is the industrial revolution?
A new way of working that used machines to reach a growing demand.
