Chapter 5 Flashcards
What was the Silk Road?
A network of Caravan tracks that linked Asia and Europe
Why was the Silk Road called the Silk Road?
Because it was named after the silk harvested from silkworms
What things moved along the Silk Road?
Trade goods and ideals
What is an example of an ideal that was passed along the silk road?
The Indo-Arabic number system
Where did the Indo-Arabic number system originate?
-It originated in India and was later adopted in the Middle East.
-Europeans who traded with Middle Eastern merchants introduced the system to Italy,
-From Italy, this new system quickly spread throughout
Europe
What system was used in Europe before the Indo-Arabic number system?
The Roman Numerals system
What are the names of the 3 distinct phases that globalization evolved in?
First Round
Second Round
Third Round
What happened in the First Round of globalization?
- Goods and Ideas were exchanged along ancient trade routes
- Arabs were the first to develop ideas
What happened in the Second Round of globalization?
- Began in the late 1400s
- Europeans developed sailing technology
- The growth was very related to European imperialism
What happened in theThird Round of globalization?
- Developed after WW2
- The rapid growth of world markets, specifically India and China
In O’Roukes view when did globalization begin?
It began in the 1800s when low-cost goods from farms and factories poured into global markets and access to these changed the way that people lived
What did Johannes Gutenberg create?
The printing press
What was the most important invention in the second millenium?
The printing press
How did the printing press influence everyday life?
It encouraged people to learn how to read and spread ideas around Europe
After the fall of Rome what was growing?
Cities and Towns
What did the growing cities and towns attract?
Traders, craftspeople, bankers, entrepreneurs, artists, and scholars.
Who did City Dwellers work for?
They were independent and depended on their knowledge of a skill to accumulate wealth
Which group was the first middle class?
City Dwellers because they earned money by practicing a trade or craft
What did City Dwellers value?
They often valued education and welcomed innovations such as exploration, scientific discoveries, and new technologies.
Where did Europeans receive most of their innovation?
The Indo-Arab Nations
What are some sailing innovation that Europeans adopted from Arabs?
Large Sails
Navigational Tools
Gunpowder (From China)
What encouraged Europeans to establish colonies in the Americas?
Christopher Columbus
What was European imperialism motivated by?
Trade
What did European colonies believe about establishing colonies?
Colonies would increase trade by providing cheap raw materials and markets for goods in the home country
What did the colonies bring to Europe?
Trade, which brought economic prosperity which brought power
How did monarchs strictly control trade in the colonies?
Through mercantilism
What were the laws of mercantilism?
- They required a colonies raw materials to the home country only then can they be used to make finished products
- Colonial entrepreneurs were not allowed to establish businesses in the colonies and use the raw materials
How did European monarchs keep their colonies markets strong?
They prohibited goods rom being imorted from other European countries. This eliminated competition
Why did the American revolutions begin?
Because British colonies in the America’s began to resist mercantilism
What was the result of the American revolution?
The United States of America was created
What book layed the groundwork for econmoic capitalism?
The Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith
How did Europeans gain control in their colonies?
- They just declared that the indigenous people were their subjects and displaced them or enslaved them
- They also had a large weapons advantage
Why did European colonizers encourage their people to come settle in the colonies?
- They provided people to run the colonies
- It also reduced conflict at home
What did Hernan Cortez do to the Aztecs in what is now Mexico?
He enslaved the indigenous people to provide profit which was then sent back to Spain
How did Europeans affect the Indigenous people in Canada?
At first, some benfited from the Fur Trade. But after a while, First Nations were forced off their land
How did European diseases affect First Nations?
It killed many of them off
How did the French/British and the First Nations Establish a relationship with each other?
Europeans depended on First Nations to Navigate and the First Nations delivered pelts in exchange for trade goods
What did Bartolome De Las Casas do?
He was disgusted with the horrible conditions of how the Aztecs were treated and devoted his life to securing Justice for them
What was an alternative for imprisonment in Africa and the Middle East?
Slavery, but it only lasted for a certain period
What was Chattel Slavery?
It meant that slaves and their descendants were the private property of the owner
Did Chattel Slaves have rights?
Nopety Nope Nope
Olaudah Equiano do?
He was a slave captured from Nigeria who was later freed and wrote about is experiences
What encouraged the abolitionalist movement?
Olaudah Equiano’s book
Who were the people who wanted to maintain slavery?
Wealthy and powerful slave owners
What began the grand exchange?
Christopher columbus when he brought seeds, trees and livestock to the Americas
What is a prime example of the Grand exchange?
Sunflowers that were exported to Europe
What pushed the industrial revolution?
European consumers demand for more goods
How did Europeans meet the demand for goods?
By producing machines that could produce quickly, efficiently, and cheaply
Where were goods produced before the industrial revolution?
In homes
What was the leading industrial power during the industrial revolution?
Britain
