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Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains one or more … or …

A

C-C double or triple bonds

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2
Q

the term unsaturation indicates that … are bonded to C than in an alkane

A

fewer hydrogens

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3
Q

alkenes contain a … and, with one double bond and no rings, have the general formula ..

A

C-C doulbe bond; CnH2n

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4
Q

A group derived by removal of an H from an arene is called an … group and is given the symbol …

A

aryl; Ar

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5
Q

when the aryl group substituent on a parent chain is a benzene ring, it is given the special name ..

A

phenyl group

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6
Q

the three double bonds in a six membered ring create a special stabilization called …, which lowers the reactivity of benzene relative to other alkenes

A

aromaticity

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7
Q

In other alkenes, deviations from the predicted angle of 120 degrees may be somewhat larger because of the … introduced by … created by groups bonded to the C of the double bond

A

strain; nonbonded interactions

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8
Q

the index of hydrogen deficiency is the sum of the number of … and … in a molecule

A

rings; pi bonds

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9
Q

index of hydrogen deficiency =

A

(Hreference - Hmolecule)/2

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10
Q

(index of H) replace each monovalent atom of halogens with … hydrogen; halogen substitutes for hydrogen and reduces the number of hydrogens by one per halogen.

A

one

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11
Q

(index of H) no correction is necessary for the addition of divalent atoms of … elements. They don’t change the number of hydrogens

A

group 6

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12
Q

(index of H) for each atom of a trivalent group 5 element, …

A

add one hydrogen

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13
Q

for the unhybridized 2p orbitals to be parallel, thus giving maximum overlap, the two Cs of the double bond an the four bonded atoms must

A

lie in a plane

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14
Q

rotation about a C-C double bond … under normal conditions

A

does not occur

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15
Q

whereas rotation about the C-C single bond is relatively free, rotation about the C-C double bond is

A

severely restricted

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16
Q

because of restricted rotation about a C-C double bond, any alkene in which each carbon of the double bond has two different groups bonded to it shows

A

cis, trans isomerism

17
Q

cis alkenes with double bonds in open chains are .. than their trans isomers because of … between alkyl substituents on the same side of the double bond

A

less stable; steric strain

18
Q

To form IUPAC names for alkenes, change the -an- infix of the parent alkane to

A

-en-

19
Q

(IUPAC naming rules for alkenes)
1. number the longest carbon chain that contains the double bond in the direction that gives the … the lowest possible numbers

A

Cs of the double bond

20
Q

(IUPAC naming rules for alkenes) 2. indicate the location of the double bond by the … of its first carbon

A

number

21
Q

(IUPAC naming rules for alkenes) 3. name branched or substituted alkenes in a manner similar to alkanes
4. number the carbon atoms, locate and name …, locate the double bond, and name the …

A

substituent groups; main chain

22
Q

methylene:
a … group
vinyl: a … group
allyl: a … group

A

CH2=; CH2=CH-H-; CH2=CHCH2-

23
Q

CH2=CH2: …
CH3CH=CH2: …

    CH3 CH3C=CH2: ...
A

ethylene; propylene; isobutylene

24
Q

for more complex alkenes, the orientation of the atoms of the parent chain determines whether the alkene is

A

cis or trans

25
Q

The E, Z system uses the priority rules of the … to assign priority to the substituents on each carbon of a …

A

R,S system; double bond

26
Q

if the groups of higher priority are on the same side of the double bond, the configuration of the alkene is … If they are on opposite sides of the double bond, the alkene is …

A

Z; E

27
Q

In naming cyclocalkenes, the carbon atoms of the ring double bond are numbered 1 and 2 in the direction that gives the substituent encountered first the … The 1 C, though, starts at the …

A

smaller number; double bond

28
Q

To date, trans-cyclooctene is the smallest trans cycloalkene that has been prepared in … form and is … at room temperature. Trans cycloalkenes are not very …

A

pure; stable; stable

29
Q

a bridgehead carbon is a carbon that is contained in both … of the hydrocarbon

A

rings

30
Q

for alkenes containing two or more doulbe bonds, the infix -en- is changed to .., .., and so on. Those alkenes that contain several double bonds are also referred to more generally as …

A

-adien-; -atrien-; polyenes

31
Q

For an alkene with n C-C double bonds, each of which can show cis, trans isomerism, … stereoisomers are possible

A

2^n

32
Q

the only attractive forces between alkene molecules, which are nonpolar, are …

A

dispersion forces

33
Q

alkenes are insoluble in water but soluble in …, in other … liquids, and in …

A

each other; nonpolar organic; ethanol

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