Chapter 10 Flashcards
alcohols are important because they can be converted into many other types of compounds, including …, .., …, …, …, and … Not only can alcohols be converted to these compounds, but these compounds can also be converted to alcohols
alkenes; haloalkanes; aldehydes; ketones; carboxylic acids; esters
the functional group of an alcohol is an … (…) group bonded to an … hybridized carbon. The oxygen atom of an alcohol is also … hybridized
OH; hydroxyl; sp^3; sp^3
the location of the OH group takes precedence over … and … atoms in numbering the parent chain
alkyl groups; halogen atoms
common names for alcohols are derived by … bonded to OH and then adding the word …
naming the alkyl group; alcohol
we classify alcohols as primary, secondary, tertiary, depending on whether the OH group is on a
primary, secondary, or tertiary C
In the IUPAC system, a compound containing two hydroxyl groups is named as a …, one containing three hydroxyl groups as a …, and so on
diol; thiol
compounds containing hydroxyl groups on adjacent C are often referred to as
glycols
Compounds containing OH and C=C groups are often referred to as … bc of the presence of the C-C double bond.
unsaturated alcohols
the parent alkane is numbered to give the … the lowest possible number for alcohols
OH
bc of the presence of the polar OH group, alcohols are
polar compounds
the attraction between the positive end of one dipole and the negative end of another is called ..
dipole-dipole interaction
when the positive end of one of the dipoles is a hydrogen atom bonded to O or N and the negative end of the other dipole is an O or N atom, the attractive interaction between dipoles is particularly strong and is given the special name of
H-bonding
An O-H H-bond is considerably … than O-H covalent bond
weaker
the alcohols have the higher bps bc more E is needed to overcome the attractive forces of … between their polar OH groups. The presence of additional hydroxyl groups in a molecule further …
H-bonding; increases the extent of H-bonding
Bc of increased dispersion forces between larger molecules, bps of all types of compounds, including alcohols, increase with
increasing molecular weight
Bc alcohols can interact by H bonding with water, they are more … in water than alkanes and alkenes of comparable molecular weight.
soluble
as molecular weight increases, the physical properties of alcohols become more like those of … of … Higher molecular weight alcohols are much less … in water bc of the increase in size of the hydrocarbon portion of their molecules
hydrocarbons; comparable molecular weight; soluble;
alcohols can function as both … and …
weak acids; weak bases
in dilute aqueous solution, only … is more acidic than water
methanol
… has about the same acidity as water. higher-molecular-weight, water-soluble alcohols are … than water
ethanol; slightly weaker acids
although alcohols have some acidity, they are not strong enough acids to react with … such as sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate
weak bases
for simple alcohols like methanol and ethanol, acidity depends primarily on the … and … of the … by water molecules
degree of solvation; stabilization; alkoxide ion
as the bulk of the alkyl group bonded to O increases, the ability of water molecules to solvate the alkoxide ion
decreases
in the presence of strong acids, the O atom of an alcohol is a … and reacts with an … by … to form an … ion
base; acid; proton transfer; oxonium