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PSYC 1200 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

A persons subjective awareness, including thoughts, perceptions, experiences oft he world and self awareness

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2
Q

Biological Rhythm

A

Patterns in bilogical processes

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3
Q

Cicannual Rhythm

A

Yearly cycle

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4
Q

Infradian Rhythm

A

Any rhythm that occurs over a period of time longer than a day

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5
Q

Ultradian Rhythm

A

More frequent biological rhythms, shorter than a day

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6
Q

Cicadian Rhythms

A

Internally driven daily cycles of 24 hours affecrinf physiological behavioural processes

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7
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Communicates signal about light levels with the pineal gland, then pineal gland releases hormone called melatonin

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8
Q

Melatonine

A

Peaks in concentration and nightitme and is reduced during wakefulness

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9
Q

Entrainment

A

When biological rhythms become synchronized to external cues (light, temperature, or a clock)

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10
Q

Endogenous Rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that are generated by our body independent of external cues such as light

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11
Q

Polysomnography

A

Set of objective measurements used to examine physiological variables during sleep

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12
Q

Electroencephalogram (EGG)

A

Device measuring brain activity using sensors attached to scalp

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13
Q

Frequency

A

Number of up and down cycles every second. Rate of up and down shifts in the EGG waveform

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14
Q

Amplitude

A

The height and depth of the up-down cycle distance and height between the peak and valley of EGG

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15
Q

Beta Waves

A

High frequency, low amplitude wave dominate when we are awake and alert

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16
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Common when people are drifting off to sleep

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17
Q

REM (rapid eye movement sleep)

A

Characterized by quickening brain waves, inhibited body movement and rapid eye movements (REM), is sometimes known as paradoxical sleep because the EEG waves appear to repreent a state of wakefulness despite the fact that we remain asleep

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18
Q

Restore and Repair hypothesis

A

Idea that the body needs to restore energy levels and repair a wear and tear experienced during the day’s activities

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19
Q

Preserve and Protect hypothesis

A

Suggests that 2 more adaptive functions of sleep are preserving energy and protecting the organism from harm

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20
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

Occurs when an individual cannot or does not sleep

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21
Q

Sleep Displacement

A

When individual is prevented from sleeping at the normal time, although she may be able to sleep earlier or later in the day than usual

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22
Q

Jet Lag

A

the discomfort a person feels when sleep cycles are out of synchronization with light and darkness

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23
Q

Manifest Content

A

Involves the images and storylines that we dream about

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24
Q

The Latent Content

A

Actual symbolic meaning of a dream build on suppressed sexual or aggressive urges

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25
Q

Activation Synthesis Hypothesis

A

Suggests that dreams arise from brain activity originating from bursts of excitatory messages from pons and part of the brainstem

26
Q

Problem Solving Theory

A

Theory that thoughts and concers are continuous from waking to sleeping and that dreams may function to facilitate finding solutions to problems encountered while awake

27
Q

Insomnia, 3 Types

A

Lack of sleep

  1. Onset - when person cant fall asleep
  2. When someone cant easily return to sleep after waking in the night
  3. Where person wake up too early and cant fall asleep
28
Q

Nightmares

A

Particularly vivid and disturbing dreams that occur during REM sleep

29
Q

Night Terrors

A

Intense bouts of panic and aroousal that awaken the individual

30
Q

Restless legs syndrome

A

Discomfort in lefs during sleep

31
Q

Sommambulism

A

Sleep waking

32
Q

Sexomnia

A

Sleep sexxxx

33
Q

Sleep apnea

A

Having troubles breathing while sleeping

34
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep attacks and daytime sleepiness

35
Q

Hynosis

A

Procedure of inducing a heightened state of suggestibility

Ideomotor - performed actions (adopting specific position)

Challenge Suggestion - Indicate actions that aren’t performed, so that the subject appears to lose the ability to perform an action

Cognitive Perceptual - Subject remembering or forgetting specific information or experiencing altered perceptions (reduced pain sensations)

36
Q

Dissociation Theory

A

Explains hypnosis as unique state in which conciousness is divided to 2 parts: lower level involved with perception and movement

Executive that evaluates and monitors these behaviours

37
Q

Social - Cognitive theory

A

Explains hypnosis by emphasizing the degree to which beliefs and expectations contribute to increased suggestibility

38
Q

Response Expectancy

A

Whether the individual believes the treatment will work

39
Q

Cognitive Hypnotherapy

A

Used as effective treatment for depression

40
Q

Mind Wandering

A

Un-intentional redirection of attention from one’s current task to unrelated train of thought

41
Q

Default mode network

A

Network of brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus and medial and lateral regions of the parietal lobe that is most active when an individual is awake but not responding to external stimuli

42
Q

Frotnoparietal network

A

Associated with goal-directed thinking such as plannign for the future as well as the control of attention

43
Q

Brain Depth

A

The lowest level of consciousness. Condition where the brain specifically including brainstem no longer functions

44
Q

Coma

A

Brain still functions but the person is unconscious, marked by complete loss of consciousness

45
Q

Persistent Vegitative State

A

State of no consciousness in which the patients eye may be open and individual will develop sleep - wake cycles without clear signs of consciousness

46
Q

Permanent Vegetative State

A

Chances of recovery from diagnosis decrease sharpylu

47
Q

Minimally Conscious States

A

Disordered state of consciousness marekd by the ability t sow some behaviours that suggest at least partial consciousness, even if on an inconsistent basis

48
Q

Locked in Syndrome

A

Patient is aware and awake but because of inability to move his or her body, appears uconscious

49
Q

Agonist

A

Enhances or mimics the activity of a neurotransmitter

50
Q

Antagonist

A

Blocks or inhibits the activity of a neurotransmitter

51
Q

Tolerance

A

When repeated use of a drug results i a need for a higher dose to get the intended effect

52
Q

Down Regulation

A

Returning firing rate to normal, some receptors move further away from the synapse so that they are more difficult to stimulate

53
Q

Physical Dependence

A

The need tot ake a drug to ward off unpleasant physical withdrawal symptoms

54
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

Occurs when emotional need for drug develops without any underlying physical Dependence

55
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

Substances that affect thinking, behaviour, perception and emotion

56
Q

Stimulants

A

Category of drugs that speed up activity of the nervous system, typically enhancing wakefullness and alertness

57
Q

Ecstast

A

Drug that typically classifies as stimulant, but also has hallucinogenic effects

58
Q

Hallucinogenic Drugs

A

Substances that produce perceptual distortions

59
Q

Marijuana

A

Cannabis plant that produces a combination of hallucionegic, stimulant, and relaxing effects

60
Q

Opiates

A

Drugs such as heroin and morphine that reduce pain and induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria

61
Q

Methadone

A

Opoid that binds to opiate receptors but doesn’t give the same kind of high that heroin does

62
Q

Sedative Drugs

A

Depress activity of the central nervous system

PSYC 1200 (8 decks)

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