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PSYC 1200 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Consciousness

A

A persons subjective awareness, including thoughts, perceptions, experiences oft he world and self awareness

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2
Q

Biological Rhythm

A

Patterns in bilogical processes

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3
Q

Cicannual Rhythm

A

Yearly cycle

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4
Q

Infradian Rhythm

A

Any rhythm that occurs over a period of time longer than a day

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5
Q

Ultradian Rhythm

A

More frequent biological rhythms, shorter than a day

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6
Q

Cicadian Rhythms

A

Internally driven daily cycles of 24 hours affecrinf physiological behavioural processes

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7
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

A

Communicates signal about light levels with the pineal gland, then pineal gland releases hormone called melatonin

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8
Q

Melatonine

A

Peaks in concentration and nightitme and is reduced during wakefulness

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9
Q

Entrainment

A

When biological rhythms become synchronized to external cues (light, temperature, or a clock)

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10
Q

Endogenous Rhythms

A

Biological rhythms that are generated by our body independent of external cues such as light

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11
Q

Polysomnography

A

Set of objective measurements used to examine physiological variables during sleep

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12
Q

Electroencephalogram (EGG)

A

Device measuring brain activity using sensors attached to scalp

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13
Q

Frequency

A

Number of up and down cycles every second. Rate of up and down shifts in the EGG waveform

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14
Q

Amplitude

A

The height and depth of the up-down cycle distance and height between the peak and valley of EGG

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15
Q

Beta Waves

A

High frequency, low amplitude wave dominate when we are awake and alert

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16
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Common when people are drifting off to sleep

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17
Q

REM (rapid eye movement sleep)

A

Characterized by quickening brain waves, inhibited body movement and rapid eye movements (REM), is sometimes known as paradoxical sleep because the EEG waves appear to repreent a state of wakefulness despite the fact that we remain asleep

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18
Q

Restore and Repair hypothesis

A

Idea that the body needs to restore energy levels and repair a wear and tear experienced during the day’s activities

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19
Q

Preserve and Protect hypothesis

A

Suggests that 2 more adaptive functions of sleep are preserving energy and protecting the organism from harm

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20
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

Occurs when an individual cannot or does not sleep

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21
Q

Sleep Displacement

A

When individual is prevented from sleeping at the normal time, although she may be able to sleep earlier or later in the day than usual

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22
Q

Jet Lag

A

the discomfort a person feels when sleep cycles are out of synchronization with light and darkness

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23
Q

Manifest Content

A

Involves the images and storylines that we dream about

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24
Q

The Latent Content

A

Actual symbolic meaning of a dream build on suppressed sexual or aggressive urges

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25
Activation Synthesis Hypothesis
Suggests that dreams arise from brain activity originating from bursts of excitatory messages from pons and part of the brainstem
26
Problem Solving Theory
Theory that thoughts and concers are continuous from waking to sleeping and that dreams may function to facilitate finding solutions to problems encountered while awake
27
Insomnia, 3 Types
Lack of sleep 1. Onset - when person cant fall asleep 2. When someone cant easily return to sleep after waking in the night 3. Where person wake up too early and cant fall asleep
28
Nightmares
Particularly vivid and disturbing dreams that occur during REM sleep
29
Night Terrors
Intense bouts of panic and aroousal that awaken the individual
30
Restless legs syndrome
Discomfort in lefs during sleep
31
Sommambulism
Sleep waking
32
Sexomnia
Sleep sexxxx
33
Sleep apnea
Having troubles breathing while sleeping
34
Narcolepsy
Sleep attacks and daytime sleepiness
35
Hynosis
Procedure of inducing a heightened state of suggestibility Ideomotor - performed actions (adopting specific position) Challenge Suggestion - Indicate actions that aren't performed, so that the subject appears to lose the ability to perform an action Cognitive Perceptual - Subject remembering or forgetting specific information or experiencing altered perceptions (reduced pain sensations)
36
Dissociation Theory
Explains hypnosis as unique state in which conciousness is divided to 2 parts: lower level involved with perception and movement Executive that evaluates and monitors these behaviours
37
Social - Cognitive theory
Explains hypnosis by emphasizing the degree to which beliefs and expectations contribute to increased suggestibility
38
Response Expectancy
Whether the individual believes the treatment will work
39
Cognitive Hypnotherapy
Used as effective treatment for depression
40
Mind Wandering
Un-intentional redirection of attention from one's current task to unrelated train of thought
41
Default mode network
Network of brain regions including the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate gyrus and medial and lateral regions of the parietal lobe that is most active when an individual is awake but not responding to external stimuli
42
Frotnoparietal network
Associated with goal-directed thinking such as plannign for the future as well as the control of attention
43
Brain Depth
The lowest level of consciousness. Condition where the brain specifically including brainstem no longer functions
44
Coma
Brain still functions but the person is unconscious, marked by complete loss of consciousness
45
Persistent Vegitative State
State of no consciousness in which the patients eye may be open and individual will develop sleep - wake cycles without clear signs of consciousness
46
Permanent Vegetative State
Chances of recovery from diagnosis decrease sharpylu
47
Minimally Conscious States
Disordered state of consciousness marekd by the ability t sow some behaviours that suggest at least partial consciousness, even if on an inconsistent basis
48
Locked in Syndrome
Patient is aware and awake but because of inability to move his or her body, appears uconscious
49
Agonist
Enhances or mimics the activity of a neurotransmitter
50
Antagonist
Blocks or inhibits the activity of a neurotransmitter
51
Tolerance
When repeated use of a drug results i a need for a higher dose to get the intended effect
52
Down Regulation
Returning firing rate to normal, some receptors move further away from the synapse so that they are more difficult to stimulate
53
Physical Dependence
The need tot ake a drug to ward off unpleasant physical withdrawal symptoms
54
Psychological Dependence
Occurs when emotional need for drug develops without any underlying physical Dependence
55
Psychoactive Drugs
Substances that affect thinking, behaviour, perception and emotion
56
Stimulants
Category of drugs that speed up activity of the nervous system, typically enhancing wakefullness and alertness
57
Ecstast
Drug that typically classifies as stimulant, but also has hallucinogenic effects
58
Hallucinogenic Drugs
Substances that produce perceptual distortions
59
Marijuana
Cannabis plant that produces a combination of hallucionegic, stimulant, and relaxing effects
60
Opiates
Drugs such as heroin and morphine that reduce pain and induce extremely intense feelings of euphoria
61
Methadone
Opoid that binds to opiate receptors but doesn't give the same kind of high that heroin does
62
Sedative Drugs
Depress activity of the central nervous system

PSYC 1200 (8 decks)

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