Chapter 5 Flashcards
At conception you received ____ chromosomes from your mother and ____ from your father. Of these ____ chromosomes, _____ are unisex - the same for males and females
23
23
45
What is gender?
The socially constructed roldes and characteristics by which a culture defines male and female
Define aggression
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
Our biology may influence our gender differences in two ways
1) By our differing sex chromosomes
2) Physiologically from our differing concentrations of sex hormones
What is the X chromosome?
The sex chromosome found in both men and women. Females have two X chromosomes; males have one. An X chromosome from each parent produces a female child
What is the Y chromosome?
The sex chromosome found ONLY in males. When paired with an X chromosome from the mother, it produces a male child
Testosterone is?
The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males & females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing
Puberty
What are the primary sex characteristics?
The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible
What are the secondary sex characteristics?
Nonreproductive sexual traits, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair
What is menarche
The first menstrual period
The Y chromosome includes a?
Single gene which, about seven weeks after conception, throws a master switch triggering the testes to develop and to produce the principle male hormone, testosterone. This hormone starts the development of external male sex organs.
Intersex individuals are born with?
Intermediate or unusual combinations of male and female physical features
In psychology, a role refers to?
A cluster of prescribed actions, the behaviors we expect of those who occupy a particular social position
A set of expected behaviors for males or for females
Gender roles
Shemas are
Concepts that help make sense of the world
Gender shemas
Framework for organizing boy-girl characteristics
Gender identity and gender expression
Gender identity: Sense of being male or female
Gender expression: Communication of gender identity through behavior or appearance
What are gender roles, and what do their variations tell us about our human capacity for learning and adaptation?
Gender roles are sets of expected behaviors for females or for males. Gender roles vary widely in different cultures, which is proof that we are very capable of learning and adapting to the social demands of different environments
Hormones influence us at many points in the life span
1) During the prenatal period, they direct our development as males or females
2) During puberty, a sex hormone surge ushers us into adolescence
3) After puberty and well into the late adult years, sex hormones activate sexual behavior
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Social learning theory
What is gender typing?
The acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine roles
An umbrella term describing people whose gender identity or expression differs from that associated with their birth sex
Transgender
