Chapter 11

Question 1

Stress

Answer 1

The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging

Question 2

General adaptation syndrome (GAS)

Answer 2

Selye’s concept of the body’s adaptive response to stress in three phases-alarm, resistance, exhaustion

Question 3

Tend and befriend

Answer 3

Under stress, people (especially women) often provide support to others (tend) and bond with and seek support from others (befriend)

Question 4

Health psychology

Answer 4

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine

Question 5

Psychoneuroimmunology

Answer 5

The study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health

Question 6

Coronary heart disease

Answer 6

The clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries

Question 7

Type A

Answer 7

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people

Question 8

Type B

Answer 8

Friedman and Rosenman’s term for easygoing, relaxed people

Question 9

Catharsis

Answer 9

In psychology, the idea that “releasing” aggressive energy (through action of fantasy) relieves aggressive urges

Question 10

Coping

Answer 10

Alleviating stress using emotional, cognitive, or behavioral methods

Question 11

Problem-focused coping

Answer 11

Attempting to alleviate stress directly-by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor

Question 12

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 12

Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one’s stress reaction

Question 13

Learned helplesness

Answer 13

The hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Question 14

External locus of control

Answer 14

The perception that chance or outside forces beyond our personal control determine our fate

Question 15

Internal locus of control

Answer 15

The perception that you control your own fate

Question 16

Self-control

Answer 16

The ability to control impulses and delay short-term gratification for greater long-term rewards

Question 17

Aerobic exercise

Answer 17

Sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety

Question 18

Feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Answer 18

People’s tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood

Question 19

Positive psychology

Answer 19

The scientific study of optimal human functioning; aims to discover and promote strengths and virtues that enable individuals and communities to flourish

Question 20

Subjective well-being

Answer 20

Self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well-being (for example, physical and economic indicators) to evaluate people’s quality of life

Question 21

Adaptation-level phenonmenon

Answer 21

Our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience

Question 22

Relative deprivation

Answer 22

The perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself

Question 23

Stress response system: When alerted to a negative, uncontrollable event, our _______ nervous system arouses us. Heart rate and respiration ________ . Blood is diverted from digestion to the skeletal _______. The body releases sugar and fat. All this prepares the body for the ______-______-______ response

Answer 23

Sympathetic; increase, muscles, fight-or-flight

Question 24

________ _______ provides psychology’s contribution to behavioral medicine. _______ focuses on mind-body interactions, including the effects of psychological, neural, and endocrine functioning

Answer 24

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