Chapter 5 Flashcards by Kelly Nemeth

Small building blocks of proteins

Amino acids

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Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

Absorption

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Enzyme secreted by pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch

Amylase

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Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Breaks up fat

Bile

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Pigment released by the liver in bile

Bilirubin

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Intestine.

Bowel

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First part of the lg intestine

Cecum

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Lg intestine: ascending, descending, transverse and sigmoid segments

Colon

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Carries bile from liver and gallbladder to duodenum

Common bile duct

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Swallowing

Deglutition

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Primary part of teeth

Dentin

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First part of the sm intestine

Duodenum

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Physical process of breaking down large fats into smaller globules- increases surface area enzymes can use to digest the fat

Emulsification

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Hard, outermost layer of the tooth

Enamel

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Substances produced when fats are digested

Fatty acids

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Substance produced by the stomach necessary for digestion

HCL

Hydrochloric acid

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Third part of sm intestine

Ileum

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One of the four front teeth in dental arch

Incisor

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Second part of sm intestine

Jejunum

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Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

Lipase

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Stores sugar, iron and vitamins
Produces blood proteins
Filters toxins

Liver

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Muscle ring between esophagus and stomach

Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

Cardiac sphincter

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Chewing

Mastication

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Roof of mouth

Palate

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Small elevations on the tongue

Papillae

Salivary gland within the cheek

Parotid gland

Rhythmic contractions of tubular organs | Moves food through gastrointestinal tract

Peristalsis

Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

Portal vein

Enzyme that digests protein

Protease

Soft tissue within a tooth- contains nerves and blood vessels

Pulp

Ring of muscle at end of the stomach | Normally closed- opens with peristalsis

Pyloric sphincter

Distal region of stomach- opening to duodenum

Pylorus

Connects colon to anus

Rectum

Ridges on hard palate and wall of stomach

Rugae

Parotid, sublingual, and submandibular

Salivary glands

Fourth and last section of colon- just before rectum

Sigmoid colon

Fat molecules composed of three parts fatty acid and one part glycerol

Triglycerides

Soft tissue hanging from middle of soft palate

Uvula

Microscopic projections in the wall of the sm intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodsteam

Villi

Anus

An/o

Appendix

Append/o | Appendic/o

Cheek

Bucc/o

Cecum

Cec/o

Belly, abdomen

Celi/o

Lip

Cheil/o | Labi/o

Gallbladder

Cholecyst/o

Common bile duct

Choledoch/o

Colon

Col/o | Colon/o

Duodenum

Duoden/o

Intestines, usually small intestine

Enter/o

Esophagus

Esophag/o

Face

Faci/o

Stomach

Gastr/o

Gums

Gingiv/o

Liver

Hepat/o

Ileum

Ile/o

Jejunum

Jejun/o

Abdomen

Lapar/o

Tongue

Lingu/o | Gloss/o

Lower jaw, mandible

Mandibul/o

Tooth

Odont/o | Dent/i

Palate

Palat/o

Pancreas

Pancreat/o

Peritoneum

Peritone/o

Throat

Pharyng/o

Anus and rectum

Proct/o

Pyloric sphincter

Pylor/o

Rectum

Rect/o

Salivary gland

Sialaden/o

Sigmoid colon

Sigmoid/o

Mouth

Stomat/o | Or/o

Uvula

Uvul/o

Starch

Amyl/o

Gall, bile

Bil/i | Chol/e

Bilirubin

Bilirubin/o

Hydrochloric acid

Chlorhydr/o

Sugar

Gluc/o | Glyc/o

Glycogen, animal starch

Glycogen/o

Fat, lipid

Lip/o

Stone

Lith/o

Protein

Prote/o

Pus

Py/o

Saliva, salivary

Sial/o

Fat

Steat/o

Enzyme (suffix)

-ase

Defecation, elimination of waste (suffix)

-chezia

Abnormal condition

-iasis

Meal (suffix)

-prandial

Lack of Hydrochloric acid

Achlorhydria

Any surgical connection between two parts, such as vessels, ducts, or bowel segments

Anastomosis

Lining of the cheek

Buccal mucosa

abnormal conditions of lips

Cheilosis

Removal of gallbladder

Cholecystectomy

After meal

Post prandial

Part of double fold of peritoneum that stretches around organs in abdomen Holds organs in place

Mesentry

Pertaining to apart from the intestines- directly into the bloodstream

Parenteral

Surrounding the anus

Perianal

Specialist in anus and rectum

Proctologist

Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter

Pyloroplasty

Hernia of the rectum

Rectocele

Inflammation of salivary gland

Sialadenitis

Stone of saliva

Sialolith

Fat discharge- improper fat digestion appearing in stool

Steatorrhea

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in abdomen

Ascites

Rumbling or grumbling noise produced by gas, fluid or both movement in gastrointestinal tract

Borborygmus

Difficulty in swallowing

Dysphagia

Burp

Eructation

Passage of bright red blood through rectum

Hematochezia

Black, tarry stools | Contains digested blood

Melena

Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers

Aphthous stomatitis

Tooth decay

Dental caries

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus

Herpetic stomatitis

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Oral leukopenia

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth and surrounding bone

Periodontal disease

Failure of lower esophagus sphincter (LES) to relax

Achalasia

Malignant tumor of esophagus

Esophageal cancer

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Esophageal varices

Malignant tumor of stomach

Gastric cancer

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Peptic ulcer

Abnormal tube like passageway near the anus

Anal fistula

Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Colonic polyps

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

Colorectal cancer

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Crohn disease

Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall of the colon

Diverticulosis

Painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Dysentery

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Hemorrhoids

Loss of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Ileus

Inflammation of the colon and sm intestine

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Telescoping of the intestines

Intussusception

Group of GI symptoms but without abnormalities in the intestines

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Ulcerative colitis

Twisting of the intestine on itself

Volvulus

Gallstones in the gallbladder

Cholelithiasis

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Cirrhosis

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus

Viral hepatitis

Cause of illness

Etiology

Unknown disease

Idiopathic

Tumor of fat

Lipoma

Discharge of pus

Pyorrhea