Ch. 18 Flashcards by Kelly Nemeth

Inner section of each adrenal gland: secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

Adrenal medulla

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Outer section of each adrenal gland: secretes cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones

Adrenal cortex

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Located in the lower abdomen of a female: responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

Ovaries

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Islet cells secrete hormones and enzymes as well to aid with digestion

Pancreas

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Four small glands on the posterior of the thyroid gland

Parathyroid glands

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Located at the base of the brain in the sells turcica

Pituitary gland

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Two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male: responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

Testes

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Located in the neck on either side of trachea, secretes thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin

Thyroid gland

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Increases heart rate and blood pressure, secreted by adrenal medulla

Adrenaline (epinephrine)

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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland- stimulates adrenal cortex

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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Secreted by adrenal cortex, increases salt reabsorption

Aldosterone

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Male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex

Androgen

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Secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, increases reabsorption of water by the kidney

Anti diuretic hormone (ADH)

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Secreted by thyroid gland, decreases blood calcium levels

Calcitonin

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Secreted by adrenal cortex, increases blood sugar- secreted in times of stress and has and anti-inflammatory effect

Cortisol

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Estrogen secreted by the ovaries

Estradiol

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Female hormone secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex

Estrogen

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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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Secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas, increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

Glucagon

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Secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

Growth hormone, somatotropin

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Secreted by beta islet cells of pancreas, helps glucose to pass into cells,and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

Insulin

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Secreted by ant love of pit gland, stimulates ovulation in females and testosterone secretion in males

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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Secreted by adrenal medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure

Norepinephrine

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Secreted by the post. Lobe of pit gland, stimulates contraction of the uterus during labor and childbirth

Oxytocin (OT)

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Secreted by parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium

Parahormone (PTH)

Secreted by ovaries, prepares the uterus for pregnancy

Progesterone

Secreted by the ant lobe of pit gland, promotes milk secretion

Prolactin (PRL)

Male hormone secreted by testes

Testosterone

Secreted by ant lobe of pit gland, acts on thyroid gland to promote its functioning

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyrotropin

Secreted by the thyroid gland, increases metabolism in cells

Thyroxine (T4)

Secreted by thyroid gland, increases metabolism in cells

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Secrete by post. Lobe of pit. Gland, increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

Vasopressin

Hormones derived from an aa and secreted by adrenal medulla

Catecholamines

Hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

Corticosteroids

Mineral salt found in the blood and tissues and necessary for proper functioning of cells

Electrolyte

Steroid hormone secreted by he adrenal cortex, regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism

Glucocorticoid

Tendency of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

Homeostasis

Substance secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

Hormone

Region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pit gland, secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pit gland

Hypothalamus

Steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body

Mineralocorticoid

Cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

Receptor

Cavity in the skull that contains the pit gland

Sells turcica

Steroids produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

Sex hormones

Complex substance related to fats and of which many hormones are made

Steroid

Pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

Sympathmimetic

Cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

Target tissue

Gland

Aden/o

Adrenal gland (CF)

Adrenal/o

Sex glands

Gonad/o

Pancreas

Pancreat/o

Parathyroid gland

Parathyroid/o

Pituitary gland

Pituitar/o

Thyroid gland

Thyr/o, thyroid/o

Male

Andr/o

Calcium

Calc/o, calci/o

Cortex, other region

Cortic/o

Secrete

Crin/o

Thirst

Dips/o

Female

Estr/o

Sugar

Gluc/o | Glyc/o

Sameness

Home/o

Hormone

Hormon/o

Potassium

Kal/i

Milk

Lact/o

Mucus

Myx/o

Sodium

Natr/o

Growing

Phys/o

Body

Somat/o

Solid structure

Ster/o

Childbirth

Toc/o

Poison

Toxic/o

Urine

Ur/o

Assemble, gather together (s)

-agon

Blood condition (s)

-emia

Substance (s)

-in, -ine

Stimulating the function of (s)

-tropin

Urine condition (s)

-uria

Good, normal (p)

Eu-

Rapid, sharp,acid (p)

Oxy-

All (p)

Pan-

Many or increased (p)

Poly-

Four (p)

Tetra-

Three (p)

Tri-

Exophthalmos

Protrusion of eyeballs

Graves' disease

Autoimmune response over activity in thyroid gland

Hyperparathyroidism

Excessive production of parathormone

Tetany

Constant muscle contraction

Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens

Adrenal virilism

Group of signs and symptoms produced by excess cortisol from the adrenal cortex

Cushing syndrome

Hypo functioning of the adrenal cortex

Addison disease

Benign tumor of the adrenal medulla

Pheochromocytoma

Hypersecretion of growth hormone from the ant pit alter puberty, leads to enlargement of extremities

Acromegaly

Hyper secretion of growth hormone from the ant pit before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of body tissues

Gigantism

Congenital hypo secretion of growth hormone

Dwarfism

Deficiency of all pit hormones

Panhypopituitarism

Excessive secretion of anti diuretic hormone

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

Insufficient secretion of anti diuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

Also known as fasting blood sugar test- measures circulating glucose level in a patient who has fasted at least 8 hours

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

Measurement of hormones, electrolytes,glucose,and other substances in serum and urine as indicators of endocrine fx

Serum and urine tests

Measurement of t3, t4, and TSH in bloodstream

Thyroid function tests

Measurement of eyeball protrusion

Exophthalmometry

Scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes this gland

Thyroid scan

Sound waves show images of endocrine organs

Ultrasound examination

A1C

Blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin to assess glucose control

ACTH

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

ADH

Anti diuretic hormone

CGMS

Continuous glucose monitoring system

Diabetes insipidus

DKA

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Diabetes mellitus

FBG

Fasting blood glucose

FBS

Fasting blood sugar

FSH

Follicle stimulating hormone

Growth hormone

GTT

Glucose tolerance test

HbA | HBA1C

Test for the presence of glucose attached to hemoglobin

hCG | HCG

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Luteinizing hormone

MDI

Multiple daily injection

OT | OXT

Oxytocin

PRL

Prolactin

PTH

Parathyroid hormone

RAI

Radioactive iodine

RIA

Radioimmunoassay

RAIU

Radioactive iodine uptake

SIADH

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

SMBG

Self monitoring of blood glucose

STH

Somatotropin

Triiodothyronine

Thyroxine

TFT

Thyroid function test

TSH

Thyroid stimulating hormone