Chapter 19/21 Flashcards
0
Q
Small sac tumor shape
A
Alveolar
1
Q
Synthetic chemicals contain alkyl groups that attack DNA, causing strand breaks
A
Alkylating agents
2
Q
Loss of differentiation of cells
A
Anaplasia
3
Q
Process of forming new blood vessels
A
Angiogenesis
4
Q
Inhibit formation of substances necessary to make DNA therefore preventing cell division
A
Antimetabolites
5
Q
Drugs that block mitosis, ex: taxol- breast and ovarian cancers
A
Antimiotics
6
Q
Normal cells produce and block tumor growth or stimulate immune system to fight cancer
A
Biological response modifiers
7
Q
Radiotherapy that uses insertion of sealed containers into body cavities
A
Brachytherapy
8
Q
Ill health and malnutrition
A
Cachexia
9
Q
Localized cancer
A
Carcinoma in situ
10
Q
Process of burning tissue to destroy it
A
Cauterization
11
Q
Pieces of DNA that when activated by mutations can cause a normal cell to become malignant
A
Cellular oncogenes
12
Q
Extracts a thin core of tissue
A
Core needle biopsy
13
Q
Sub freezing temp used to destroy tissue
A
Cryosurgery
14
Q
Sac of fluid tumor
A
Cystic tumor
15
Q
Chromosomes of cells are examined for breaks, translocations and deletions in DNA
A
Cytogenic analysis
16
Q
More primitive, immature cells
A
Dedifferentiation
17
Q
Highly abnormal cells but not cancerous
A
Dysplastic
18
Q
Electricity and heat used to kill tumor cells
A
Electrocauterization
19
Q
Low energy beams used for more surface level tumor treatment
A
Electron beams
20
Q
Tumor and a large area of tissue are removed
A
En bloc resection
21
Q
Tumor cells that resemble epithelial tissue
A
Epidermoid
22
Q
Removal of tumor and margin of normal tissue
A
Excisional biopsy
23
Q
Removes tumor, entire effected organ and all tissue around it.
A
Exenteration
24
Cells are scraped from region of affected area and examined
Exfoliative cytology
25
Applying radiation to a tumor from a source outside the body
External beam irradiation
26
Visual examination of colon
Fiberoptic colonoscopy
27
Tumor of fibers of the flesh
Fibrosarcoma
28
Increase in connective tissue
Fibrosis
29
Dimensions of the body undergoing radiation
Fields
30
Very thin needle goes into tumor to pull out cells for microscopic examination
Fine needle aspiration
31
Small glandular sac arrangement of tumors
Follicular
32
Giving radiation in small repeated doses
Fractionation
33
Destruction of tissue by electric sparks generated by a high frequency current
Fulguration
34
Mushroom patterned growing tumor
Fungating tumor
35
Degree of maturity of tumor cells
Grading of tumors
36
Unit of absorbed radiation dose
Gray
37
Visual appearance of tumors to naked eye
Gross description of tumors
38
Localizing antigens or proteins in tissues using labeled antibodies
Immunohistochemistry
39
Piece if tumor is removed for examination to establish a diagnoses
Incisional biopsy
40
Extending beyond normal tissues boundaries
Infiltrative
41
Having ability to enter and destroy surrounding tissues
Invasive
42
Exposure to any form of radiant energy (light, heat, x-rays)
Irradiation
43
Large electronic device that produces high energy x-ray beams for treatment of deep seated tumors
Linear accelerator
44
Continuous growth, invasive and metastasis tumor
Malignant tumor
45
Soft tumor
Medullary tumor
46
Embryonic connective tissue
Mesenchymal
47
Abnormal transformation of adult differentiation cells to another specific tissue type- is reversible
Metaplasia
48
Spread of malignant tumor to a new site
Metastasis
49
Appearance of tumors viewed by microscope
Microscopic description of tumor
50
Tumors composed of different types of tissues
Mixed-tissue tumors
51
Drugs that block the function of growth factors, their pathways and receptors
Molecularly targeted drugs
52
Causing genetic change
Mutagenic
53
To stop spinal cord
Myelosuppression
54
Aer/o
Air
55
Sensitivity to pain
Alges/o
56
Bronchial tube
Bronch/o
57
Drug
Chem/o
58
Mixture
Cras/o
59
Skin
Chutane/o
60
Skin
Derm/o
61
Work
Erg/o
62
Feeling, sensation
Esthes/o
63
Tissue
Hist/o
64
Sleep
Hypn/o
65
Treatment
Iatr/o
66
Tongue
Lingu/o
67
Mold, fungus
Myc/o
68
Stupor
Narc/o
69
Mouth
Or/o
70
Drug
Pharmac/o
71
Itching
Prurit/o
72
Fever
Pyret/o
73
Sheath(of brain and spinal cord)
Thec/o
74
Poison
Tox/o or toxic/o
75
Vessel
Vas/o
76
Vein
Ven/o
77
Life
Vit/o
78
Upward, excessive, again (prefix)
Ana-
79
Against (prefix)
Anti-
80
Against, opposite (prefix)
Contra-
81
Other that, apart from (prefix)
Par-
82
Together, with (prefix)
Syn-
83
a.c., ac
Before meals (ante cibum)
84
ACE
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
85
Ad lib
Freely, as desired
86
APAP
Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
87
ARB
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
88
b.i.d., bid
Two times a day
89
c- (line is suppose to be above the c)
With
90
Caps
Capsule
91
cc
Cubic centimeter
92
FDA
U.s food and drug administration
93
gm, g
Gram
94
gtt
Drops
95
h
Hour
96
h.s., hs
At bedtime
97
H2 blocker
Histamine H2 receptor antagonist
98
HRT
Hormone replacement therapy
99
IM
Intramuscular
100
INH
Isoniazid - anti tuberculosis agent
101
IV
Intravenous
102
MAOI
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor- an antidepressant
103
mg
Milligram
104
ml, mL
Milliliter
105
NPO
Nothing by mouth
106
NSAID
Noneteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
107
P- (line above p)
After (post)
108
p.c., pc
After meals
109
PCA
Patient- controlled analgesia
110
PDR
Physicians desk reference
111
PO, p.o., po
By mouth
112
p.r.n., prn
As needed, as necessary
113
Pt
Patient
114
q
Every
115
q.h., qh
Every hour
116
q2h
Every 2 hours
117
q.i.d, qid
Four times a day
118
q.s., qs
Sufficient quantity
119
qAM
Every morning
120
qPM
Every evening
121
Rx
Prescription
122
s-(line above s)
Without
123
SERM
Selective estrogen receptor modulator
124
Sig.
Directions-how to take medication
125
SL
sublingual
126
s.o.s.
If it is necessary
127
SSRI
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor- an antidepressant
128
subQ
Subcutaneous
129
tab
Tablet
130
TCA
Tricyclic antidepressant
131
t.i.d, tid
Three times daily
132
Drug action in which the combo of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each
Additive action
133
Particles of drug suspended in air
Aerosol
134
Exaggerated hypersensitivity rx
Anaphylaxis
135
Combo of two drugs gives less that an additive effect
Antagonistic action
136
Agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug
Antidote
137
Commercial name for a drug
Brand name
138
Chemical formula for a drug
Chemical name
139
Factors that prevent the use of a drug or treatment
Contraindications
140
Drugs that produce tolerance and dependencies and have potential for abuse or addiction
Controlled substances
141
Physiological need for a drug
Dependence
142
Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug
Addiction
143
Amount of drug administered, usually measured in milligrams
Dose
144
Legal non commercial name for a drug
Generic name
145
Unexpected effect produced in a sensitive patient but is not normal
Idiosyncratic reaction
146
Study of interaction of drugs and their target molecules such as enzymes, or cell surface receptors
Molecular pharmacology
147
Drugs given by injections into the skin, muscles, or veins
Parenteral administration
148
Study of drug effects within the body
Pharmacodynamics
149
Study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion over a period of time
Pharmacokinetics
150
Target substance with which a drug interacts in the body
Receptor
151
Lack of beneficial response,
Resistance
152
Desired and beneficial effect of a drug
Response
153
Drugs are given by placement under the tongue
Sublingual administration
154
Combo of two drugs causes an effect that is greater that the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone
Synergism
155
Instrument for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body
Syringe
156
Drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membrane of the body
Topical application
157
Harmful effects of the drug
Toxicity
158
Drug that lowers blood pressure
ACE inhibitor
159
Central nervous system stimulant
Amphetamine
160
Relieves pain
Analgesic
161
Male hormone
Androgen
162
Reduces or eliminates sensation. General and local
Anesthetic
163
Lowers Bp by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels
Angiotensin II receptor blocker
164
Slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their effect in tissues
Anti androgen
165
Treats abnormal heart rhythms
Antiarrhythmic
166
Prevents blood clotting
Anticoagulant
167
Prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity)
Anticonvulsant
168
Relieves symptoms or depression
Antidepressant
169
Prevents nausea and vomiting
Antiemetic
170
Helps prevent symptoms of allergy
Antihistamine
171
Relieves nausea and vomiting
Antinauseant
172
Reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together and form a clot
Antiplatelet
173
Inhibits secretion of acid by cells lining the stomach
Anti ulcer
174
Reduces estrogen in the blood by blocking the enzyme aroma taste
Aromatase inhibitor
175
Kills bacteria
Bactericidal
176
Inhibits bacterial growth
Bacteriostatic
177
Prevents bone loss in osteoporosis
Bisphosphonate
178
Increases the force of contraction of heart
Cardiac glycoside
179
Acts on heart and blood vessels
Cardiovascular drug
180
Relieves constipation
Cathartic
181
Binds to dietary cholesterol and prevents its uptake from the gastrointestinal tract
Cholesterol-binding drug
182
Lowers cholesterol by preventing its production by the liver
Cholesterol- lowering drug
183
Increases production of urine
Diuretic
184
Promotes vomiting
Emetic
185
Hormone for the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation
Glucocorticoid
186
Produces sleep of a trance like state
Hypnotic
187
Weak cathartic
Laxative
188
Habit forming drug that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility
Narcotic
189
Female hormone that stimulates uterine lining during pregnancy
Progestin
190
Relieves constipation
Purgative
191
A mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessary producing sleep
Sedative
192
Stimulates cellular metabolism
Thyroid gland
193
Controls anxiety and sever disturbances of behavior
Tranquilizer
194
Antipruitic
Against itching
195
Antipyretic
Against fever
196
Erythromyocin
Pertaining to red fungus
197
Intrathecal
Within sheath of brain
198
Synergistic
Working together
