Chapter 11 Flashcards
0
Q
Arteriole
A
Small artery
1
Q
Apex
A
Lower tip of heart
2
Q
Artery
A
Largest type of blood vessel, carries blood away from heart
3
Q
Atrioventricular bundle
A
specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them
4
Q
Atrioventricular node
A
Specialized tissue in the wall between the atria. Electrical impulses pass from the pacemaker through the AV node and the atrioventricular bundle toward the ventricles
5
Q
Atrium
A
One of two upper chambers of the heart
6
Q
Capillary
A
Smallest blood vessel
7
Q
Coronary arteries
A
Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle
8
Q
Diastole
A
Relaxation phase of the heartbeat
9
Q
Endocardium
A
Inner lining of the heart
10
Q
Endothelium
A
Innermost lining of blood vessels
11
Q
Mitral valve
A
Valve between the lt atrium and lt ventricle
12
Q
Normal sinus rhythm
A
Heart rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 bpm
13
Q
Specialized nervous tissue in rt atrium that begins the heartbeat
A
Pacemaker
14
Q
Pericardium
A
Double layered membrane surrounding heart
15
Q
Pulmonary artery
A
Artery carrying oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs
16
Q
Pulmonary circulation
A
Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
17
Q
Pulmonary valve
A
Valve positioned between the rt ventricle and pulmonary artery
18
Q
Pulmonary vein
A
One of the two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the lt atrium of the heart
19
Q
Septum
A
Partition or wall dividing a cavity, such as between the rt and lt atria and rt and lt ventricles
20
Q
Sinoatrial node
A
Pacemaker of the heart
21
Q
Sphygmomanometer
A
Instrument to measure blood pressure
22
Q
Systemic circulation
A
Flow of blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart to body tissues
23
Q
Systole
A
Contraction phase of heart
24
Tricuspid valve
Located between rt atrium and rt ventricle
25
Valve
Structure in veins or in the heart that temporal that closes an opening so that blood flows in only one direction
26
Vein
Thin walled vessel that carrier blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart
27
Vena cava
Largest vein in body
28
Ventricle
One of two lower chambers of heart
29
Venule
Small vein
30
Aorta (Cf)
Aort/o
31
Artery (CF)
Arter/o, arteri/o
32
Yellowish plaque, fatty substance (Cf)
Ather/o
33
Atrium (Cf)
Atri/o
34
Arm (Cf)
Brachi/o
35
Cholesterol (Cf)
Cholesterol/o
36
Heart (Cf)
Coron/o, cardi/o
37
Blue (Cf)
Cyan/o
38
Mucus
Myx/o
39
Oxygen
Ox/o
40
Pericardium (Cf)
Pericardi/o
41
Rhythm
Rrhythm/o
42
Pulse
Sphygm/o
43
Chest
Steth/o
44
Clot
Thromb/o
45
Valve (Cf)
Valvul/o, valv/o
46
Vessel (Cf)
Vas/o, vascul/o, Angi/o
47
Vein (Cf)
Ven/o, ven/I, Phleb/o
48
Ventricle (Cf)
Ventricul/o
49
Arrhythmias
Abnormal heart rhythms
50
Bradycardia
Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA node through the AV node to the bundle of HIS
51
Flutter
Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria
52
Fibrillation
Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart
53
Congenital heart disease
Abnormalities in the heart at birth
54
Coarctation of aorta (CoA)
Narrowing of the aorta
55
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth
56
Septal defects
Small holes in the wall between the atria or the ventricles
57
Tetralogy of Fallot
Congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects
58
Congestive heart failure
Heart is unable to pump it's required amount of blood
59
Coronary artery disease
Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart
60
Ischemia
Blood flow is decreased
61
Endocarditis
Inflammation of inner lining of heart
62
Hypertensive heart disease
High blood pressure affecting the heart
63
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
Improper closure of mitral valve
64
Murmur
Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats
65
Pericarditis
Inflammation of membrane surrounding the heart
66
Rheumatic heart disease
Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever
67
Aneurysm
Local widening of an arterial wall
68
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Blood clot forms in large vein, usually in lower limb
69
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
Blockage of arteries carrying blood to legs, arms, kidneys and other organs
70
Raynaud disease
Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
71
Varicose veins
Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs
72
Acute coronary syndromes (ACSs)
Unstable angina and myocardial infarction
73
Angina
Chest pain
74
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE)
Dilates blood vessels
75
Auscultation
Listening for sounds In blood vessels or other body structures
76
Biventricular pacemaker
Device enabling ventricles to beat together so more blood is pumped from heart
77
Bruit
Abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard during auscultation of an artery or organ
78
Cardiac tamponade
Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space
79
Claudication
Pain,tension, weakness in a leg after walking has begun but absence of pain at rest
80
Digoxin
Drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens heartbeat
81
Embolus
Clot that travels a distance and suddenly blocks a blood vessel
82
Infarction
Area of dead tissue
83
Nitrates
Drugs that treat angina
84
Nitroglycerin
Nitrate drug
85
Occlusion
Closure of a blood vessel due to blockage
86
Palpitations
Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias
87
Patent
Open
88
Pericardial friction rub
Scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of heart, suggestive of pericarditis
89
Statins
Drugs used to lower cholesterol
90
Thrill
Vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow
91
Vegetations
Clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells of diseased heart valves
92
BNP test
Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide in blood -elevated in patients with dyspnea
93
Cardiac biomarkers
Chemicals are measured in the blood as evidence of a heart attack
94
Lipid tests
Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in a blood sample
95
Lipoprotein electrophoresis
Lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in a blood sample
96
Angiography
X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material
97
Computed topography angiography (CTA)
Three dimensional X-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using ct
98
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
Video equipment and a computer produce X-ray images of blood vessels
99
Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT)
Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD
100
Doppler ultrasound studies
Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels
101
Echocardiography (ECHO)
Echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart
102
Positron emission tomography scan (PET)
Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose
103
Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan
Used to detect heart damage
104
Thallium 201 scan
Concentration of radioactive thallium is measure to give information about blood supply to the heart muscle
105
Cardiac MRI
Images of the heart are produced using radio wave energy in a magnetic field
106
Cardiac catheterization
Thin flexible tube is guided into the heart via a vein of artery- detects pressures and patterns of blood flow
107
Holter monitoring
An ECG device is worn during a 24 hour period to detect cardi ac arrhythmias
108
Stress test
Exercise tolerance test determines the hearts response to physical exertion
109
Catheter ablation
Brief delivery of radio frequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmia a
110
Endarterectomy
Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery
111
Extracorporeal circulation
Heart lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while heart is repaired
112
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
Balloon tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery
113
AAA
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
114
ACLs
Advanced cardiac life support
115
ACS
Acute coronary syndrome
116
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
117
AED
Automatic external defibrillator
118
AF, a-fib
Atrial fibrillation
119
AMI (D)?
Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator
120
AMI
Acute myocardial infarction
121
ARVD
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
122
AS
Aortic stenosis
123
ASD
Atrial septal defect
124
AV, A-V
Atrioventricular
125
AVR
Aortic valve replacement
126
BBB
Bundle branch block
127
BNP
Brain natriuretic peptide
128
CABG
Coronary artery bypass grafting
129
CAD
Coronary artery disease
130
CCU
Coronary care unit
131
Cath
Catheterization
132
CHF
Congestive heart failure
133
CoA
Coarctation of the aorta
134
CRT
Cardiac resynchronization therapy
135
CTNI, cTnI, CTNT, cTnT
Cardiac troponin-I and cardiac troponin T
136
DES
Drug eluding stent
137
DSA
Digital subtraction angiography
138
DVT
Deep vein thrombosis
139
ECMO
Extracorpeal membrane oxygenation
140
ECHO
Echocardiography
141
EF
Ejection fraction
142
EPS
Electrophysiology study
143
ETT
Exercise tolerance test
144
ETT-MIBI
Exercise tolerance test combined with radioactive tracer
145
EVAR
Endovascular aneurysm repair
146
HDL
High density lipoprotein
147
HTN
Hypertension
148
IABP
Intra-aortic balloon pump
149
ICD
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
150
LAD
Left anterior descending
151
LMWH
Low molecular weight heparin
152
LV
Left ventricle
153
LVAD
Left ventricular assists device
154
LVH
Left ventricular hyper trophy
155
MI
Myocardial infarction
156
MUGA
Multiple gated acquisition scan
157
MVP
Mitral valve prolapse
158
NSR
Normal sinus rhythm
159
NSTEMI
Non ST elevation myocardial infarction
160
PAC
Premature atrial contraction
161
PAD
Peripheral arterial disease
162
PCI
Percutaneous coronary intervention
163
PDA
Patent ductus arteriosus
| posterior descending artery
164
PE
Pulmonary embolus
165
PVC
Premature ventricular contraction
166
SA
| S-A node
Sinoatrial node
167
SCD
Sudden cardiac death
168
SOB
Shortness of breath
169
SPECT
Single photon emission computed tomography
170
STEMI
St elevation myocardial infarction
171
SVT
Supraventricular tachycardia
172
TAVR
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement
173
TEE
Transesophageal echocardiography
174
TEVAR
Thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair
175
TGA
Transposition of the great arteries
176
tPA
Tissue type plasminogen activator
177
UA
Unstable angina
178
VF
Ventricular fibrillation
179
VSD
Ventricular septal defect
180
VT
Ventricular tachycardia
181
WPW
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
