Chapter 5 Flashcards
The epidermis is a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
True False
True
The epidermis is comprised of epithelial tissue while the dermis is connective tissue.
True False
True
Thick skin is found on the palms of our hands, soles of our feet, and the fingertips.
True False
True
Explanation: Thick skin is specifically found in these areas due to the higher levels of abrasion they experience. It contains a thicker stratum corneum compared to thin skin and also has an extra layer called the stratum lucidum.
Keratinocytes are responsible for the production of melanin.
True False
True
The dermis is rich in blood vessels and nerve fibers.
True False
True
Which is the correct order of the layers of the epidermis, from deepest to most superficial?
A) stratum basale - stratum spinosum - stratum granulosum - stratum lucidum - stratum corneum
B) stratum lucidum - stratum spinosum - stratum granulosum - stratum basale - stratum corneum
C) stratum basale - stratum granulosum - stratum spinosum - stratum lucidum - stratum corneum
D) stratum corneum - stratum lucidum - stratum granulosum - stratum spinosum - stratum basale
A) stratum basale - stratum spinosum - stratum granulosum - stratum lucidum - stratum corneum
Which epidermal cell layer is best described as consisting of a single layer of mitotically-active stem cells?
A) Stratum spinosum
B) Stratum basale
C) Stratum corneum
D) Stratum granulosum
B) Stratum basale
Explanation: The stratum basale, also known as the basal layer, is the deepest layer of the epidermis. It contains a single row of stem cells that are actively dividing to produce new keratinocytes.
Cells found within the epidermis include all of the following, except:
A) Tactile (Merkel) cells
B) Fibrocytes
C) Dendritic cells
D) Melanocytes
E) Keratinocytes
B) Fibrocytes
Explanation: Fibrocytes are found in the dermis, not the epidermis. The epidermis contains keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, and tactile (Merkel) cells.
What kind of tissue is found in the papillary layer?
A) Reticular connective tissue
B) Stratified squamous epithelium
C) Dense irregular connective tissue
D) Areolar connective tissue
D) Areolar connective tissue
Explanation: The papillary layer of the dermis is composed of areolar connective tissue, which includes a loose network of collagen and elastic fibers.
Appendages of the skin include all of the following, except:
A) Sebaceous (oil) glands
B) Adipose tissue
C) Nails
D) Hair/hair follicles
E) Sweat glands
B) Adipose tissue
Explanation: Adipose tissue is found in the hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) but is not considered an appendage of the skin. Appendages of the skin include sebaceous glands, sweat glands, nails, and hair/hair follicles.
Sweat glands continuously produce small amounts of sweat, even in cooler temperatures.
True False
True
Most sebaceous glands secrete sebum directly into hair follicles.
True False
True
Explanation: Sebaceous glands typically secrete oily sebum into hair follicles, which helps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.
Sudoriferous glands are exocrine glands.
True False
True
The skin provides chemical, physical and biological barriers.
True False
True
Explanation: The skin acts as a protective barrier against environmental hazards. Chemical barriers include skin secretions and the acid mantle that inhibit bacterial growth. Physical barriers are the continuity of the skin and the hardness of keratinized cells. Biological barriers involve dendritic cells and macrophages that help to protect the body by destroying invaders.
Biological barriers of the skin include dendritic cells and macrophages.
True False
True
Explanation: Dendritic cells (Langerhans cells) and macrophages are part of the immune system and are present in the skin. They play a crucial role in recognizing and processing antigens, thereby providing an immune defense.
What is the skin structure labelled “F”?
A) Hair follicle
B) Arrector pili
C) Epidermis
D) Eccrine sweat gland
E) Sebaceous gland
D) Eccrine sweat gland
Which of the following statements about sweat glands is not correct:
A) Eccrine sweat glands, the most numerous, are found in the greatest numbers on the palms, soles and forehead
B) The secretory part of eccrine sweat glands lies in the dermis, and the duct empties onto the skin surface
C) Apocrine sweat glands are found in the axillary and anogenital areas.
D) Apocrine sweat gland ducts empty their products into hair follicles
E) All are correct
E) All are correct
Explanation: The given statements about sweat glands are accurate. Eccrine sweat glands are found in greater numbers on the palms, soles, and forehead. The secretory part of eccrine sweat glands lies in the dermis, and the duct opens to the skin surface. Apocrine glands are found in the axillary and anogenital areas, and their ducts empty into hair follicles.
Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system:
A) Filtration
B) Regulation of body temperature
C) Protection
D) A reservoir for blood
E) Nervous sensations
A) Filtration
Chemical barriers of the skin include all of the following except:
A) Antibacterial secretions
B) Low pH
C) Melanin
D) Macrophages
D) Macrophages
The “brick and mortar” construction of the skin repels most water and water-soluble substances, though some lipid soluble substances are able to penetrate the skin.
True False
True
The two layers of the dermis, from superficial to deep, are the reticular and papillary layers.
True False
False
Explanation: The correct order from superficial to deep is the papillary layer and then the reticular layer. The papillary layer contains thin collagen and elastin fibers and forms dermal papillae. The reticular layer is deeper and thicker, containing dense irregular connective tissue.
Dermal papillae of the papillary layer contain capillary loops and nerve endings.
True False
True
Explanation: Dermal papillae increase the surface area for exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the dermis and epidermis. They contain capillary loops, Meissner’s corpuscles (touch receptors), and free nerve endings (pain receptors).
Sudoriferous glands are endocrine glands.
True False
False
Explanation: Sudoriferous glands, also known as sweat glands, are actually exocrine glands, not endocrine glands. They secrete sweat onto the surface of the skin through ducts.
Which epidermal cell layer is best described as four to six layers of cells that are able to synthesize proteins which keep the outer layer of skin smooth and waterproof?
A) Stratum spinosum
B) Stratum basale
C) Stratum corneum
D) Stratum granulosum
D) Stratum granulosum
Explanation: The stratum granulosum is typically composed of three to five layers of flattened cells, and it is here that the cells begin to die and keratinize, producing proteins like keratin and lipids that make the outer skin layer smooth and waterproof.
