15.1

Question 1

Both the somatic and autonomic nervous systems are part of the motor or efferent division of the PNS.

True
False

Answer 1

True

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are both part of the motor (efferent) division of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles, while the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.

Question 2

The functions of the autonomic nervous system are integrated with those of the somatic nervous system, which is demonstrated by the fact that most spinal and many cranial nerves contain both somatic and autonomic fibers.

True
False

Answer 2

True

The functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the somatic nervous system (SNS) are indeed integrated, as demonstrated by the presence of both somatic and autonomic fibers in most spinal and many cranial nerves. This integration allows for coordinated control of voluntary and involuntary functions, ensuring that bodily responses are well-regulated and efficient.

Question 3

The somatic nervous system contains neurons that innervates skeletal muscle while the ANS contains motor neurons that innervate skeletal and smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

True
False

Answer 3

False

The somatic nervous system contains neurons that innervate skeletal muscle, controlling voluntary movements. The autonomic nervous system (ANS), on the other hand, contains motor neurons that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, but not skeletal muscle.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the somatic versus autonomic nervous system are not true?

A) Both the somatic and autonomic nervous systems are part of the motor or efferent division of the PNS.
B) The somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscle while the ANS innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
C) In the somatic nervous system, neuron cell bodies are found in the CNS and their axons extend all the way to their effectors.
D) In the ANS a preganglionic neuron residing in the CNS synapses with a post-ganglionic neuron located in autonomic ganglia outside the CNS.
E) All are true statements.

Answer 4

E) All are true statements.

Each of the provided statements accurately describes aspects of the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the somatic nervous system are not true:

A) In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies are found only in the CNS.
B) Somatic nerve fibers are thick, myelinated fibers that conduct impulses rapidly.
C) There are no ganglia associated with the somatic nervous system.
D) The somatic nervous system uses a single neuron pathway to effector organs
E) All are true statements.

Answer 5

E) All are true statements.

Each of the provided statements correctly describes aspects of the somatic nervous system.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system are not true:

A) In the autonomic nervous system, the cell bodies are found in the CNS and PNS.
B) Autonomic nerve fibers are thick, myelinated fibers that conduct impulses rapidly.
C) The ANS uses a two-neuron chain to reach its effectors – the preganglionic neuron cell bodies residing in the CNS and the postganglionic neurons residing in ganglia found outside the CNS.
D) All are true statements.

Answer 6

B) Autonomic nerve fibers are thick, myelinated fibers that conduct impulses rapidly.

This statement is not true. Autonomic nerve fibers can be lightly myelinated or unmyelinated, and they generally conduct impulses more slowly compared to the thick, myelinated fibers of the somatic nervous system.

Question 7

In the somatic nervous system, all somatic motor neurons release acetylcholine.

True
False

Answer 7

True

In the somatic nervous system, all somatic motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh) as their neurotransmitter, which stimulates skeletal muscle contractions.

Question 8

All preganglionic neurons in the ANS release acetylcholine (ACh) while post-ganglionic fibers of the ANS release either NE or ACh and it can be either excitatory or inhibitory, depending on the receptor present.

True
False

Answer 8

True

All preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) release acetylcholine (ACh). Post-ganglionic fibers of the ANS can release either norepinephrine (NE) or ACh, and the effect can be either excitatory or inhibitory depending on the type of receptor present on the target organ.

Question 9

The cerebral cortex is the main control center of the ANS.

True
False

Answer 9

False

The main control center of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is the hypothalamus, not the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus plays a crucial role in regulating autonomic functions by integrating signals from the brain and coordinating responses.

Question 10

Each of the autonomic neurotransmitters (Ach and NE) binds with two or more kind of receptors allowing them to exert different effects (activation or inhibition) at different body targets.

True
False

Answer 10

True

Each of the autonomic neurotransmitters, acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE), binds with different types of receptors, allowing them to exert varying effects (activation or inhibition) at different body targets. ACh binds to nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, while NE binds to alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. The specific effect depends on the receptor type present at the target site.

Question 11

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) operates mainly at a conscious level to control internal organ functions.

True
False

Answer 11

False.

The ANS operates at a subconscious level, unlike the somatic nervous system, which operates consciously.

Question 12

The ANS can be referred to as the involuntary nervous system or the general visceral motor system.

True
False

Answer 12

True.

The ANS is often called the involuntary nervous system because it controls functions not under conscious control.

Question 13

The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system differ in their target organ responses to neurotransmitters.

True
False

Answer 13

True.

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems have different target organ responses due to different neurotransmitters and receptors.

Question 14

Which division of the peripheral nervous system controls the function of internal organs?

A) Somatic nervous system
B) Central nervous system
C) Autonomic nervous system
D) Sensory division

Answer 14

C) Autonomic nervous system.

The ANS is responsible for controlling internal organ functions.

Question 15

Which neurotransmitter is released by all somatic motor neurons?

A) Norepinephrine
B) Dopamine
C) Acetylcholine
D) Serotonin

Answer 15

C) Acetylcholine.

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released by all somatic motor neurons to stimulate skeletal muscles.

Question 16

In the autonomic nervous system, postganglionic neurons release which neurotransmitters?

A) Only acetylcholine
B) Only norepinephrine
C) Either acetylcholine or norepinephrine
D) Only serotonin

Answer 16

C) Either acetylcholine or norepinephrine.

Postganglionic neurons in the ANS can release either acetylcholine or norepinephrine, depending on the specific pathway.

Question 17

The ______________ nervous system innervates skeletal muscles, whereas the autonomic nervous system innervates cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.

Answer 17

somatic.

The somatic nervous system controls skeletal muscles, while the ANS controls involuntary muscles and glands.

Question 18

In the autonomic nervous system, the preganglionic neuron resides in the ___________, and the postganglionic neuron resides in ganglia outside the ___________.

Answer 18

CNS, CNS.

In the ANS, the preganglionic neuron is in the CNS, and the postganglionic neuron is in autonomic ganglia outside the CNS.

Question 19

The ANS consists of motor neurons that innervate ______________ muscle, ______________ muscle, and ______________.

Answer 19

smooth, cardiac, glands.

The ANS innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands to regulate involuntary functions.

Question 20

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) innervates skeletal muscles.

True
False

Answer 20

False.

The ANS innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands, but not skeletal muscle, which is innervated by the somatic nervous system.

Question 21

The autonomic nervous system operates mainly at a subconscious level.

True
False

Answer 21

True.

The ANS operates largely at a subconscious level to regulate internal organ functions.

Question 22

The somatic nervous system uses a two-neuron chain to reach its effectors.

True
False

Answer 22

False.

The somatic nervous system uses a single neuron to transmit signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles, while the ANS uses a two-neuron chain.

Question 23

Which of the following is not an effector of the autonomic nervous system?

A) Cardiac muscle
B) Smooth muscle
C) Glands
D) Skeletal muscle

Answer 23

D) Skeletal muscle.

Skeletal muscles are not effectors of the ANS; they are innervated by the somatic nervous system.

Question 24

In the ANS, which type of neuron is lightly myelinated?

A) Postganglionic neuron
B) Preganglionic neuron
C) Both preganglionic and postganglionic neurons
D) Neither preganglionic nor postganglionic neurons

Answer 24

B) Preganglionic neuron.

Preganglionic neurons in the ANS are lightly myelinated to allow for faster conduction of impulses.

Question 25

Which neurotransmitter is released by sympathetic postganglionic neurons?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Dopamine
D) Serotonin

Answer 25

B) Norepinephrine.

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine to activate or inhibit target tissues.

Question 26

The autonomic nervous system is also called the ______________ or the general visceral motor system.

Answer 26

involuntary nervous system.

The ANS is referred to as the involuntary nervous system because it controls functions not under conscious control.

Question 27

The ______________ division of the ANS is responsible for the ‘fight or flight’ response.

Answer 27

sympathetic.

The sympathetic division prepares the body for emergency situations by triggering the ‘fight or flight’ response.

Question 28

The ______________ nervous system has motor neurons that innervate glands.

Answer 28

autonomic.

The autonomic nervous system includes motor neurons that innervate glands, contributing to involuntary regulation of body functions.