Chapter 12 Flashcards
What are the two main components of the central nervous system (CNS)?
a) Brain and ganglia
b) Spinal cord and nerves
c) Brain and spinal cord
d) Nerves and ganglia
c) Brain and spinal cord
Explanation: The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord, which are the primary structures contained within the cranial cavity of the skull and the vertebral cavity of the vertebral column, respectively.
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes all nervous tissue outside the central nervous system.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Explanation: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) comprises all the nervous tissue outside the CNS, including nerves and ganglia.
The two major regions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the ________ nervous system (PNS).
peripheral
Explanation: The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
What type of cell provides a framework of tissue that supports the neurons in the nervous system?
a) Neurons
b) Axons
c) Glial cells
d) Dendrites
c) Glial cells
Explanation: Glial cells are a variety of cells that provide a supportive framework for neurons and their activities.
White matter in the brain and spinal cord appears white because it is insulated by a lipid-rich substance called myelin.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Explanation: White matter appears white due to the presence of myelin, a lipid-rich substance that insulates axons.
The fiber that connects a neuron with its target is called an ________.
axon
Explanation: An axon is the fiber that connects a neuron with its target, transmitting signals to other neurons or tissues.
Which of the following regions predominantly contain cell bodies and regions composed of just axons in the nervous system?
a) Gray matter
b) White matter
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
c) Both a and b
Explanation: Gray matter consists mainly of cell bodies and dendrites, while white matter predominantly contains axons.
Gray matter in the nervous system is always gray in color.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Explanation: Gray matter is not necessarily gray; it can appear pinkish or even slightly tan, depending on blood content and how long the tissue has been preserved.
In the nervous system, the regions with many axons are often referred to as ________ matter.
white
Explanation: White matter is composed of regions with many axons, which appear white due to the myelin sheath that insulates them.
Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
a) It includes ganglia and nerves.
b) It is entirely outside the central nervous system.
c) It is responsible for processing information within the brain.
d) It connects the CNS to limbs and organs.
c) It is responsible for processing information within the brain.
Explanation: The PNS connects the CNS to limbs and organs and includes ganglia and nerves, but it does not process information within the brain; this is the function of the CNS.
What is the term for a localized collection of neuron cell bodies in the central nervous system (CNS)?
a) Ganglion
b) Nerve
c) Nucleus
d) Axon
c) Nucleus
Explanation: In the CNS, a localized collection of neuron cell bodies is referred to as a nucleus.
In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), a cluster of neuron cell bodies is referred to as a ganglion.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Explanation: A cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS is called a ganglion.
The ________ is the outer cortex of the brain composed primarily of neuron cell bodies.
gray matter
Explanation: Gray matter makes up the outer cortex of the brain and is composed primarily of neuron cell bodies.
What does the white matter in the brain primarily consist of?
a) Cell bodies
b) Dendrites
c) Axons
d) Nuclei
c) Axons
Explanation: White matter consists mainly of axons, which are insulated by myelin.
The terms “tract” and “nerve” refer to the same structures but differ in their locations within the nervous system.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Explanation: “Tract” refers to a bundle of axons in the CNS, while “nerve” refers to a similar structure in the PNS
The optic nerve becomes the optic ________ when it passes through the optic chiasma into the brain.
tract
Explanation: The optic nerve becomes the optic tract when it continues into the brain past the optic chiasma.
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the PNS?
a) Ganglia
b) Nuclei
c) Nerves
d) Axons
b) Nuclei
Explanation: Nuclei are localized collections of neuron cell bodies found in the CNS, not the PNS.
White matter in the CNS appears white because of the myelin sheath.
A) True
B) False
A) True
Explanation: The white appearance of white matter is due to the myelin sheath that insulates the axons.
The term for a bundle of axons found in the CNS is a ________.
tract
Explanation: A bundle of axons in the CNS is called a tract.
What term describes a group of nuclei in the CNS that are connected together?
a) Ganglia
b) Tract
c) Basal nuclei
d) Optic tract
c) Basal nuclei
Explanation: A group of connected nuclei in the CNS is often referred to as the basal nuclei
What is the main function of the somatic nervous system (SNS)?
a) Involuntary control of body functions
b) Conscious perception and voluntary motor responses
c) Regulation of the internal environment
d) Control of digestive system functions
b) Conscious perception and voluntary motor responses
Explanation: The somatic nervous system (SNS) is responsible for conscious perception and voluntary motor responses, including the contraction of skeletal muscles.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for voluntary control of the body’s functions.
A) True
B) False
B) False
Explanation: The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for involuntary control of body functions, usually for the sake of homeostasis.
The ________ nervous system is responsible for controlling the smooth muscle and glandular tissue in the digestive system.
enteric
Explanation: The enteric nervous system is responsible for controlling the smooth muscle and glandular tissue in the digestive system and is considered a part of the PNS.
Which division of the nervous system is involved in receiving information about the environment and generating responses to that information?
a) Sensory functions
b) Motor functions
c) Integration functions
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Explanation: The nervous system is involved in sensory functions (receiving information), motor functions (generating responses), and integration functions (processing information).