Chapter 13 (ALL) Flashcards
The function of the brainstem is to control autonomic (automatic) behaviors necessary for survival.
True
False
True
Explanation: The brainstem regulates vital functions such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure.
The key structure found within the epithalamus is the pituitary gland, which secretes melatonin.
True
False
False
Explanation: The pineal gland, not the pituitary gland, is part of the epithalamus and it secretes melatonin.
Ventral horns contain cell bodies of somatic motor neurons.
True
False
True
Explanation: The ventral horns of the spinal cord contain motor neurons that control skeletal muscles.
The medulla oblongata is where the pyramids are located, where major nerve tracts coming from one side of the body cross over to the other side of the brain.
True
False
True
Explanation: The pyramids in the medulla oblongata are where decussation (crossing over) of the motor tracts occurs.
Fiber tracts of the spinal cord run up and down the spinal cord (connecting higher and lower centers) as well as side-to-side.
True
False
True
Explanation: These tracts allow communication between different parts of the CNS, including ascending and descending pathways.
The multimodal association areas of the cerebral cortex receive inputs from many sensory areas and send information to many motor areas.
True
False
True
Explanation: These areas integrate sensory inputs and coordinate motor outputs.
Which functional brain system governs brain arousal and helps us filter out repetitive or weak stimuli?
-The limbic system
-The reticular system
-The basal ganglia
-The cerebellar system
The reticular system
Explanation: The reticular activating system (part of the reticular formation) is responsible for regulating wakefulness and sleep-wake transitions.
Fiber tracts that connect the cerebral hemispheres with lower brain regions or the spinal cord are:
-association fibers
-projection fibers
-commissural fibers
projection fibers
Explanation: Projection fibers connect the cerebral cortex with lower parts of the brain or the spinal cord.
The primary function of the cerebellum is:
-To coordinate skeletal muscle contractions to allow for smooth, coordinated movement
-Involvement with pain suppression and the fight-or-flight response
-To sort, edit and relay ascending information
-The site of our “conscious” mind
To coordinate skeletal muscle contractions to allow for smooth, coordinated movement
Explanation: The cerebellum is essential for motor control and coordination.
What type of cells are the ventricles lined with?
-Epithelial cells
-Ependymal cells
-Cerebral spinal fluid cells
-Astrocytes
Ependymal cells
Explanation: Ependymal cells line the ventricles and help circulate cerebrospinal fluid.
Which of the following structures anchors the spinal cord in place?
-filum terminale
-denticulate ligaments
-cauda equina
-conus medullaris
filum terminale
Explanation: The filum terminale is a fibrous extension that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx.
White matter of the spinal tract is composed of only myelinated fiber tracts.
True
False
False
Explanation: White matter primarily consists of myelinated axons, but it also contains some unmyelinated axons.
Functions of the basal nuclei (are believed to) include the modulation of voluntary movements and behaviors.
True
False
True
Explanation: The basal nuclei play a crucial role in controlling and regulating voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, routine behaviors, and cognition.
The two lateral ventricles are found within the cerebral hemispheres.
True
False
True
Explanation: The lateral ventricles are located in the cerebral hemispheres and are part of the brain’s ventricular system.
Several features protect the brain from potentially dangerous blood-borne substances, but the true blood-brain barrier is the tight junctions of the capillary epithelial cells.
True
False
True
Explanation: The blood-brain barrier consists of tightly packed endothelial cells that line the blood vessels in the brain, restricting the passage of substances.
Dorsal horns contain cell bodies of interneurons receiving somatic and visceral sensory information.
True
False
True
Explanation: The dorsal horns of the spinal cord contain interneurons that receive sensory information from the body.
The commissural fibers connect different parts of the same brain hemisphere.
True
False
False
Explanation: Commissural fibers connect the two hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication between them.
Which of the following structures contains cell bodies of sympathetic motor neurons serving the visceral organs?
-lateral horns of the spinal cord
-dorsal root ganglia
-ventral horns
-ventral roots of the spinal cord
lateral horns of the spinal cord
Explanation: The lateral horns of the spinal cord contain the cell bodies of sympathetic motor neurons that innervate visceral organs.
In the CNS, _____ consists of neuron cell bodies while _____ consists of myelinated fiber tracts.
-White matter….gray matter
-Gray matter….white matter
Gray matter….white matter
Explanation: Gray matter is composed of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and unmyelinated axons, while white matter consists of myelinated axons.
Which of the following is found in the medulla oblongata?
-The pineal gland which produces melatonin
-Basal nuclei of the cerebral hemispheres
-Autonomic (visceral) motor nuclei including the cardiovascular and respiratory centers
-Centers which regulate conscious thought
Autonomic (visceral) motor nuclei including the cardiovascular and respiratory centers
Explanation: The medulla oblongata contains autonomic nuclei that regulate vital functions such as heart rate and respiration.
The primary role of the thalamus is:
-The site of our “conscious” mind
-To regulate the pattern and appropriate timing of skeletal muscle contractions
-To sort, edit and relay ascending information
-To control the autonomic nervous system
To sort, edit and relay ascending information
Explanation: The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information, sorting and sending it to the appropriate areas of the cerebral cortex.
Which of the following structures contains sensory fibers (axons) coming from peripheral sensory receptors?
-dorsal roots of the spinal cord
-ventral horns
-dorsal root ganglia
-ventral roots of the spinal cord
dorsal roots of the spinal cord
Explanation: The dorsal roots of the spinal cord contain sensory axons that transmit information from peripheral receptors to the spinal cord.
Functions of the basal nuclei include:
-To coordinate skeletal muscle contractions to allow for smooth, coordinated movement
-The modulation of voluntary movements and behaviors
-To sort, edit and relay ascending information
-The control of the autonomic nervous system
The modulation of voluntary movements and behaviors
Explanation: The basal nuclei are involved in regulating voluntary motor activities, ensuring movements are smooth and coordinated.
