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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

medication administered to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure

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2
Q

anemia

A

a disorder characterized by lower than normal levels of red blood cells in the blood

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3
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

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4
Q

angina

A

episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium

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5
Q

angioplasty

A

mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

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6
Q

anticoagulant

A

medication that slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

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7
Q

aplastic anemia

A

a condition marked by the absence of all formed blood elements

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8
Q

arrhythmia

A

a loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

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9
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

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10
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to a buildup of cholesterol plaque

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11
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

rapid uncontrolled twitching of the muscular wall of the atria

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12
Q

automated external defribillator

A

electronic equipment that externally shocks the heart to restore a normal cardiac rhythm

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13
Q

beta-blocker

A

medication administered to reduce the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heartbeat

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14
Q

bradycardia

A

an abnormally slow resting heart rate, usually at a rate of less than 60 beats per minute

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15
Q

cardiac arrest

A

an event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

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16
Q

cardiac catheterization

A

a diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and guided into the heart

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17
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

all diseases of the heart muscle

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18
Q

carotid endarterectomy

A

surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery

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19
Q

cholesterol

A

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body

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20
Q

chronic venous insufficiency

A

a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of venous valves

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21
Q

coronary artery disease

A

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle

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22
Q

coronary thrombosis

A

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

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23
Q

defibrillation

A

the emergency use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm

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24
Q

diuretic

A

medication administered to increase urine secretion to rid the body of excess salt and water

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25
Q

electrocardiogram

A

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

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26
Q

embolism

A

the sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

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27
Q

embolus

A

a foreign object, such as a blood clot, a quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor, that is circulating in the blood

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28
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

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29
Q

erythrocytes

A

mature red blood cells

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30
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

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31
Q

hemolytic anemia

A

condition characterized by an inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to their premature destruction by the spleen

32
Q

hemorrhage

A

the loss of a large amount of blood in a short amount of time

33
Q

hemostasis

A

to stop or control bleeding

34
Q

leukemia

A

a type of cancer characterized by a progressive increase in the number of abnormal white blood cells found in blood-forming tissues, other organs, and in the circulating blood

35
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells, cells involved in defending the body against infective organisms and foreign substances

36
Q

leukepenia

A

a decrease in the number of white blood cells circulating in the blood

37
Q

megaloblastic anemia

A

a blood disorder characterized by an anemia in which red blood cells are larger than normal

38
Q

mitral valve prolapse

A

abnormal protrusion of a heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

39
Q

myelodysplastic syndrome

A

a type of cancer in which there is insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells

40
Q

myocardial infarction

A

the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup

41
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up

42
Q

pericardium

A

double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

43
Q

pernicious anemia

A

anemia caused by a lack of a protein that helps the body absorb B12 from the gastrointestinal tract

44
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

45
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

46
Q

sepsis

A

an infection that results from bacteria or other infectious organisms entering the bloodstream

47
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

a genetic disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin, resulting in red blood cells that assume an abnormal sickle shape

48
Q

tachycardia

A

an abnormally rapid resting heartbeat usually at a rate of more than 100 beats per minute

49
Q

temporal arteritis

A

inflammation of the temporal arteries that can cause headache, visual impairment, or other symptoms

50
Q

thallium stress test

A

nuclear imaging test performed to evaluate blood flow to the heart during exercise

51
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets in the circulating blood

52
Q

thrombolytic

A

medication that dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up

53
Q

thrombosis

A

the abnormal condition of having a thrombus

54
Q

thrombotic occlusion

A

the blocking of an artery by a thrombus

55
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery

56
Q

transfusion reaction

A

a serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion in which a severe immune response occurs because the patient’s blood and the donated blood do not match

57
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins usually occurring in the superficial veins of the legs

58
Q

venous thromboembolism

A

a blood clot that originates in a vein

59
Q

ventricular fibrillation

A

rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles

60
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles

61
Q

angi/o

A

blood or lymph vessel

62
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

63
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

64
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance

65
Q

brady-

A

slow

66
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

67
Q

-crasia

A

a mixture or blending

68
Q

-emia

A

blood, blood condition

69
Q

erythr/o

A

red

70
Q

hem/o; hemat/o

A

blood, relating to the blood

71
Q

leuk/o

A

white

72
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

73
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

74
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

75
Q

ven/o

A

vein

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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