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Medical Terminology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabulum

A

hip socket; large circular cavity each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur

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2
Q

allogenic

A

originating within another

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3
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

arthritis primarily causes inflammation of the joints between vertebrae

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4
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical ankylosis; surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen joint

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5
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of internal structure of a joint

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6
Q

autologous

A

originating within an individual

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7
Q

avascular necrosis

A

area of bone tissue death due to insufficient blood flow, often to the hip

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8
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers such as leukemia and lymphomas

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9
Q

callus

A

bulging deposit around area of the break

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10
Q

chondromalacia

A

abnormal softening of cartilage

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11
Q

comminuted fracture

A

splintered or crushed

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12
Q

compression fracture

A

when bone is pressed together on itself; sometimes caused by spontaneous collapse of weakened vertebrae or injury

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13
Q

costochondritis

A

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

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14
Q

crepitation

A

grating sound heard when ends of a broken bone move together

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15
Q

duel x-ray absorptiometry

A

low exposure radiographic measurements of the spine and hips to measure bone density

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16
Q

fat embolus

A

can form when a long bone is fractured due to accident or surgery

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17
Q

gout

A

type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints, often the big toe. Joint affected typically hot red painfully sensitive

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18
Q

hallux valgus

A

bunion; abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

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19
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

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20
Q

hematopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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21
Q

internal fixation

A

fracture tx in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

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22
Q

juvenile iodiopathic arthritis

A

autoimmune disorder affects children 16 or younger with RA symptoms including stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, fatigue

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23
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal increase in the outward curve of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side (hunchback)

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24
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of the lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra

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25
Q

lordosis

A

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback)

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26
Q

lumbago

A

LBP; general term for pain in lumbar region of the spine

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27
Q

malleolus

A

rounded bony projection on tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

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28
Q

manubrium

A

bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

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29
Q

metacarpals

A

5 bones that form the palm of the hand

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30
Q

metatarsals

A

5 bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

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31
Q

multiple myeloma

A

cancer that occurs in blood-making plasma cells found on the red bone marrow

32
Q

open fracture

A

compound fracture; bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

33
Q

orthopedic surgeon

A

(orthopedist) physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

34
Q

orthotic

A

mechanical appliance such as shoe insert, leg brace, or splint which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function

35
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of the bone

36
Q

osteoarthritis

A

“wear-and-tear” commonly associated with aging

37
Q

osteochondroma

A

benign bony projection covered with cartilage

38
Q

osteomalacia

A

abnormal softening of bones in adults (adult rickets)

39
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

40
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density; describes condition of someone who does not yet have osteoporosis

41
Q

osteoporosis

A

marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity frequently associated with aging

42
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

ususally caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis

43
Q

Paget’s disease

A

chronic bone disease of unknown cause named for Sir James Paget characterized by abnormal breakdown of bone

44
Q

pathologic fracture

A

when a bone breaks under normal strain

45
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

performed to treat osteoporosis related compression fractures; bone cement injected to stabilize compression fractures within spinal column

46
Q

podiatrist

A

holds a degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

47
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs

48
Q

prosthesis

A

substitute for a diseased or missing body part

49
Q

radiculopathy

A

condition caused by compression of a nerve in the spine (pinched nerve)

50
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic autoimmune disorder in which joints and some organs are attacked

51
Q

rickets

A

deficiency disease ocurring in children characterized by defective bone growth resulting from lack of vitamin D necessary to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels

52
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

53
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord

54
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of spaces within the spine potentially putting pressure on the nerves

55
Q

spiral fracture

A

complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart ; occurs from severe twisting motion such as sports injury or automobile accident

56
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebrae or sacrum below it

57
Q

spondylosis

A

degenerative disorder can cause loss of normal spinal structure and function

58
Q

subluxation

A

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

59
Q

synovectomy

A

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee

60
Q

vertebrea

A

26 bony units make up the spinal column

61
Q

ankyl/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

62
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

63
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

64
Q

chondr/o, chondr/i

A

cartilage

65
Q

cost/o

A

rib

66
Q

crani/o

A

skull

67
Q

-desis

A

to bind, tie together

68
Q

kyph/o

A

bent, hump

69
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback, bent

70
Q

Lumb/o

A

lumbar, lower back

71
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

72
Q

oss/e; oss/i; ost/o; oste/o

A

bone

73
Q

scoli/o

A

curved, bent

74
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

75
Q

synovi/o; synov/o

A

synovial membrane, synovial fluid

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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