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Medical Terminology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

-cele

A

hernia; tumor; swelling

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2
Q

cyst/o

A

urinary cladder; cyst; sac of fluid

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3
Q

dia-

A

through; between; apart; complete

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4
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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5
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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6
Q

lith/o

A

stone; calculus

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7
Q

-lysis

A

breakdown; separation; setting free; destruction; loosening

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8
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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9
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis; bowl of kidney

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10
Q

-tripsy

A

to crush

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11
Q

ur/o

A

urine; urinary tract

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12
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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13
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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14
Q

-uria

A

urination; urine

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15
Q

vesic/o

A

urinary bladder

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16
Q

ablation

A

the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function

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17
Q

acute renal failure

A
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18
Q

anuria

A

the absence of urine formation by the kidneys

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19
Q

benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50

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20
Q

chronic kidney disease

A

the progressive loss of renal function over months or years

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21
Q

cystitis

A

inflammation of the bladder

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22
Q

cystocele

A

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

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23
Q

cystolith

A

a stone located within the urinary bladder

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24
Q

cystoscopy

A

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope

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25
Q

dialysis

A

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function

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26
Q

diuresis

A

the increased output of urine

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27
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

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28
Q

ectopic kidney

A

congenital condition in which one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney

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29
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in cells, tissues, or cavities of the body

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30
Q

end-stage renal disease

A

the final stage of chronic kidney disease

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31
Q

epispadias

A

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening, in the male this opening is located on the upper surface of the penis, in the female the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris

32
Q

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

A

the destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel

33
Q

glomeruonephritis

A

a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli

34
Q

hemodialysis

A

a process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patients blood

35
Q

hydronephrosis

A

the dilation of one or both kidneys

36
Q

hydroureter

A

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked

37
Q

hyperproteinuria

A

the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine

38
Q

hypoproteinemia

A

the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

39
Q

hypospadias

A

the congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In the male the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis, in the female the urethral opens into the vagina

40
Q

incontinence

A

the inability to control the excretion of urine and/or feces

41
Q

interstitial cystitis

A

chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

42
Q

intravenous pyelogram

A

a set of x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

43
Q

nephrolith

A

a stone located in the kidney

44
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

the presence of stones in the kidney

45
Q

nephrolysis

A

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

46
Q

nephrons

A
47
Q

nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney

48
Q

nephrostomy

A

the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

49
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine

50
Q

neurogenic bladder

A

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

51
Q

nocturia

A

frequent and excessive urination during the night

52
Q

nocturnal enuresis

A

urinary incontinence during sleep

53
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urination

54
Q

percutaneous nephrolithotomy

A

surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back

55
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

56
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

57
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

58
Q

prostatism

A

a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

59
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney

60
Q

pyelotomy

A

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

61
Q

renal colic

A

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone

62
Q

suprapubic catherization

A

the placement of a urinary catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall

63
Q

transurethral prostatectomy

A

the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope

64
Q

uremia

A

a toxic condition in which urea and other waste products normally excreted in the urine are retained in the blood

65
Q

ureterolith

A

a stone located anywhere along the ureter

66
Q

ureterorrhagia

A

the discharge of blood from the ureter

67
Q

urethritis

A

inflammation of the urethra

68
Q

urethroplasty

A

surgical repair of the walls of the urethra

69
Q

urethrorrhagia

A

bleeding from the urethra

70
Q

urethrostenosis

A

abnormal narrowing of the urethra

71
Q

urethrotomy

A

a surgical incision into the urethra

72
Q

urinary catheterization

A

the insertion of a tube into the bladder in order to obtain a sterile specimen drain urine or inject medication

73
Q

vesicovaginal fistula

A

an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

74
Q

voiding cystourethrography

A

a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

75
Q

Wilms tumor

A

a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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