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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

the advanced stage of an HIV infection

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2
Q

allergen

A

a substance that produces an allergic reaction in an individual

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3
Q

anaphylaxis

A

a severe, systemic response to an allergen

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4
Q

antibiotics

A

medication capable of inhibiting the growth of or killing pathogenic bacteria

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5
Q

antibody

A

a disease-fighting protein created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen

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6
Q

antifungal

A

medication that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi

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7
Q

antigen

A

any substance that the body regards as being foreign

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8
Q

antigen-antibody reaction

A

binding antigens to antibodies. This reaction labels a potentially dangerous antigen so it can be recognized and destroyed by other cells of the immune system

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9
Q

autoimmune disorder

A

a condition in which the immune system produces antibodies against the body’s own tissues

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10
Q

bacilli

A

rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria

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11
Q

bacteria

A

one-celled microscopic organisms

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12
Q

benign

A

something that is not lifethreatening

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13
Q

candidiasis

A

a yeast infection

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14
Q

carcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

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15
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues

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16
Q

complement system

A
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17
Q

Covid-19

A

a highly contagious viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus

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18
Q

cytokines

A
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19
Q

cytomegalovirus

A

a type of herpesvirus found in most body fluids

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20
Q

cytotoxic drug

A

medication that kills or damages cells

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21
Q

ductal carcinoma in situ

A

breast cancer at tis earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct

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22
Q

hemolytic

A
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23
Q

herpes zoster

A

an acute viral infection characterized by painful skin eruptions that follow the underlying route of an inflamed nerve

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24
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

a cancer of the lymphatic system distinguished by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells

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25
Q

human immunodeficiency virus

A

a bloodborne infection that damages or kills the T cells of the immune system, causing it to progressively fail

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26
Q

immunoglobulins

A

antibodies that bind with specific antigens in the antigen- antibody response

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27
Q

immunosuppressant

A

a substance that prevents or reduces the body’s normal immune response

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28
Q

immunotherapy

A

a disease treatment that involves either stimulating or repressing the immune response

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29
Q

infiltrating ductal carcinoma

A

breast cancer that starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue

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30
Q

interferons

A
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31
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

any disease process affecting a lymph node or nodes

32
Q

lymphangioma

A

a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels

33
Q

lymphedema

A

swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph fluid within the tissues

34
Q

lymphocytes

A
35
Q

lymphoma

A

a general term applied to malignancies affecting lymphoid tissues

36
Q

lymphoscintigraphy

A

a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels

37
Q

macrophage

A
38
Q

malaria

A

a disease caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito

39
Q

malignant

A

becoming progressively worse and life-threatening

40
Q

mammography

A

a radiographic examination of the breast to detect the presence of tumors or precancerous cells

41
Q

metastasis

A

the new cancer site that results from the spreading process; also the processes by which cancer is spread

42
Q

metastasize

A

to spread from one place to another; as in cancer

43
Q

myoma

A

a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue

44
Q

myosarcoma

A

a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue

45
Q

non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

the term used to describe all lymphomas other than hodkins lymphoma

46
Q

opportunistic infection

A

infection caused by a pathogen that does not normally produce an illness in healthy humans

47
Q

osteosarcoma

A

a hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones, pelvis, or knee

48
Q

parasite

A

a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism at the expense of that organism

49
Q

rabies

A

an acute viral infection transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal

50
Q

rickettsia

A

a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites

51
Q

rubella

A

a viral infection characterized by a low-grade fever, swollen glands, inflamed eyes, and a fine pink rash

52
Q

sarcoma

A

a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues

53
Q

spirochetes

A

long, slender, spiral-shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement

54
Q

splenomegaly

A

an abnormal enlargement of the spleen

55
Q

staphylococci

A

a group of about 30 species of bacteria that form irregular groups or clusters resembling grapes

56
Q

streptococci

A

bacteria that form a chain

57
Q

systemic reaction

A
58
Q

teletherapy

A

precisely targeted radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body

59
Q

toxoplasmosis

A

a disease caused by a parasite most commonly transmitted from pets to humans by contact with contaminated feces

60
Q

varicella

A

a highly contagious infection caused by the herpesvirus Varicella Zoster also known as chicken pox

61
Q

anti-

A

against

62
Q

carcin/o

A

cancerous

63
Q

immun/o

A

immune, protection, safe

64
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph, lymphatic tissue

65
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node or gland

66
Q

lymphangi/o

A

lymph vessel

67
Q

neo-, ne/o

A

new, strange

68
Q

-oma

A

tumor, neoplasm

69
Q

onc/o

A

tumor

70
Q

phag/o

A

eat, swallow

71
Q

-plasm

A

formative material of cells

72
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

73
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

74
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

75
Q

tox/o

A

poison, poisonous

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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