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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abduction

A

movement of a limb AWAY from midline of the body

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2
Q

adduction

A

movement of a limb TOWARD midline of the body

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3
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

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4
Q

ataxia

A

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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5
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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6
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

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7
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

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8
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

swelling that creates pressure on the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

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9
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems

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10
Q

circumduction

A

circular motion at the far end of a limb

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11
Q

compartment syndrome

A

the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

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12
Q

contracture

A

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

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13
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot UPWARD at the ankle

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14
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement

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15
Q

dystonia

A

movement disorder characterized by involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles

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16
Q

electromyography

A

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

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17
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

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18
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

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19
Q

exercise physiologist

A

specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

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20
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

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21
Q

fibromyalgia

A

debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain

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22
Q

ganglion cyst

A

a benign fluid-filled lump that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

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23
Q

heel spur

A

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel

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24
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

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25
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

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26
Q

hernia

A

tissue such as part of an internal organ protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it

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27
Q

hyperkinesia

A

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

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28
Q

hypotonia

A

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

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29
Q

impingement syndrome

A

inflammation of tendons that get caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

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30
Q

innervation

A

stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

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31
Q

insertion

A

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

32
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

33
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting in the loss of central vision

34
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness of voluntary muscles

35
Q

myoclonus

A

the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

36
Q

myofascial release

A

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such is fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular joint disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome

37
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

38
Q

myorrhaphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle

39
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

40
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle

41
Q

origin

A

where the muscle begins, located nearest midline or on less movable part of skeleton

42
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

43
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

44
Q

physiatrist

A

physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring funtion

45
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of the plantar fascia causing foot or heel pain when walking or running

46
Q

polymyositis

A

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

47
Q

pronation

A

act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

48
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities

49
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass strength and function that come with aging

50
Q

shin splint

A

pain caused by the muscle tearing away from the tibia

51
Q

singultus

A

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

52
Q

sphincter

A

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

53
Q

sprain

A

an injury to a joint, such as ankle, knee, or wrist that usually involves a wrenched or torn ligament

54
Q

tendinopathy

A

general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint

55
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon or bone

56
Q

tenolysis

A

the release of a tendon from adhesions

57
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

58
Q

tenotomy

A

surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening

59
Q

torticollis

A

a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

60
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction

61
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

62
Q

clon/o

A

violent action

63
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, painful

64
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia, fibrous band

65
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

66
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease, plural of -ium

67
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

68
Q

kines/o; kines/i

A

movement

69
Q

-lysis

A

to set free, break down

70
Q

my/o

A

muscle

71
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

72
Q

tax/o

A

coordination

73
Q

ten/o; tend/o; tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

74
Q

ton/o

A

tone, stretching, tension

75
Q

tri-

A

three

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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