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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an/o

A

anus; ring

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2
Q

chol/e

A

bile; gall

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3
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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4
Q

col/o; colon/o

A

colon; large intestine

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5
Q

-emesis

A
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6
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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7
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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8
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach, belly

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9
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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10
Q

-lithiasis

A

presence of stones

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11
Q

-pepsia

A

digest; digestion

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12
Q

-phagia

A

eating;swallowing

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13
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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14
Q

rect/o

A

rectum; straight

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15
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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16
Q

aerophagia

A

excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking

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17
Q

anastomisis

A

a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

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18
Q

antiemetic

A

medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

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19
Q

ascites

A

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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20
Q

bariatrics

A

the branch of medicine for the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases

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21
Q

borborygmus

A

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

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22
Q

cachexia

A

physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

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23
Q

canker sores

A

gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth

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24
Q

celiac disease

A

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten

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25
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

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26
Q

cholangiography

A

radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

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27
Q

cholangitis

A

acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

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28
Q

cholecystectomy

A

surgical removal of the gallbladder

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29
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder usually associated with gallstones

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30
Q

cholelithiasis

A

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

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31
Q

cirrhosis

A

a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

32
Q

colonoscopy

A

direct visual examination of the inner surface of the colon from the rectum to the cecum

33
Q

colostomy

A

surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

34
Q

Crohn’s Disease

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract however it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

35
Q

dental prophylaxis

A

the professional cleaning of the teeth to remove plaque and calculus

36
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula in the wall of the colon

37
Q

diverticulosis

A

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the wall of the colon

38
Q

dyspnea

A

difficult or labored breathing

39
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

40
Q

endoscopy

A

the visual examination of the interior of a body cavity or organ

41
Q

enema

A

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

42
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with pathogens

43
Q

eructation

A

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

44
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

45
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

the endoscopic examination of the upper GI tract

46
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

47
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

48
Q

gastroparesis

A

a condition in which gastric motility slows down causing delayed gastric emptying

49
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body directly into the stomach

50
Q

hematemisis

A

the vomiting of blood

51
Q

hemoccult test

A

a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool

52
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

53
Q

hiatial hernia

A

the protrusion of part of the stomach through an opening in the diaphragm

54
Q

hyperemisis

A

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

55
Q

ileus

A

partial or complete blockage of the small and/or large intestine

56
Q

inguinal hernia

A

the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

57
Q

jaundice

A

a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes

58
Q

leukoplakia

A

an abnormal white, usually benign lesion that develops inside the mouth in response to chronic irritation

59
Q

malocclusion

A

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

60
Q

melena

A

the passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools

61
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

the placement of a feeding tube through the nose into the stomach

62
Q

obesity

A

an excessive accumulation of fat in the body

63
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate or lip

64
Q

peptic ulcer disease

A

a disease characterized by sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

65
Q

peristalsis

A
66
Q

polyp

A

a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane

67
Q

proctologist

A
68
Q

regurgitation

A

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

69
Q

salmonellosis

A

an infectious disease transmitted by feces, either through direct contact or by eating contaminated raw or under cooked food

70
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

71
Q

stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

72
Q

trismus

A

any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

73
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine caused ulcers and irritation

74
Q

volvulus

A

twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction

75
Q

xerostomia

A

the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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