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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdominal cavity

A

contains major organs of digestion

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2
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor that originates in the glands but may spread to other organs

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3
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumor that starts in epithelial tissue of a gland

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4
Q

anaplasia

A

change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

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5
Q

anatomy

A

study of the structures of the body

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6
Q

anomaly

A

deviation from what is regarded as normal

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7
Q

anterior

A

front plane

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8
Q

aplasia

A

defective development or congenital absence of an organ or tissue

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9
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage (

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10
Q

autopsy

A

postmortem examination

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11
Q

bloodborne transmission

A

spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids, must enter the blood stream to pass infection

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12
Q

caudal

A

toward the lower part of the body

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13
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head

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14
Q

chromosome

A

genetic structure located within nucleus of each cell

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15
Q

communicable disease

A

any condition transmitted form one person to another either directly or by indirect contact

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16
Q

congenital disorder

A

abnormal condition that exists at time of birth

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17
Q

cytoplasm

A

material within cell membrane that is NOT part of the nucleus

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18
Q

distal

A

farthest from midline;

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19
Q

dorsal

A

back plane also called posterior

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20
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells

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21
Q

endemic

A

ongoing presence of disease within a population, group, area (common cold)

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22
Q

endocrine gland

A

produce hormones; do not have ducts, hormones secreted directly into bloodstream

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23
Q

epidemic

A

sudden widespread outbreak of disease within a specific population, group, area (whooping cough)

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24
Q

epigastric region

A

above the stomach

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25
Q

etiology

A

studu of causes of diseases or abnormal conditions

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26
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body (salivary, mammary, sweat glands)

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27
Q

functional disorder

A

produces physical symptoms for which no disease or other organic cause can be identified

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28
Q

genetic disorder

A

“hereditary disease” pathological condition caused by absent or defective gene

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29
Q

geriatrician

A

physician who specializes in the care of older people

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30
Q

hemophilia

A

hereditary bleeding disorder in which blood-clotting factor is missing

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31
Q

histology

A

microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues (epithelial, connective, muscle, nerve)

32
Q

homeostasis

A

processess through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

33
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

34
Q

hypertrophy

A

general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to increased size of the cells

35
Q

hypogastric region

A

below the stomach

36
Q

hypoplasia

A

decrease in number of cells in a tissue or organ

37
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment (severe burns from radiation treatment)

38
Q

idiopathic disease

A

any disease without known cause

39
Q

infectious disease

A

illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

40
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin (crease at junction of trunk and upper thigh)

41
Q

medial

A

direction toward or nearest the midline

42
Q

mesentery

A

fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of intestine to interior abdominal wall

43
Q

midsagittal plane

A

imaginary line, divides body into Right and Left halves

44
Q

nosocomial infection

A

hospital aquired infection (HAI) (MRSA)

45
Q

pandemic

A

outbreak occurring over a large geographic area, possibly world wide (HIV and Covid)

46
Q

pathology

A

study of disease

47
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space formed by hip bones, contains reproductive organs and excretory systems

48
Q

peritoneum

A

multilayered membrane protects and holds organs in place withing abdominal cavity

49
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of peritoneum

50
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of the structures of the body

51
Q

posterior

A

back plane also called dorsal

52
Q

proximal

A

nearest midline

53
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum

54
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division

55
Q

syndrome

A

set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

56
Q

thoracic cavity

A

“chest cavity” “thorax” surrounds and protects heart and lungs

57
Q

transverse plane

A

imaginary line divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) halves

58
Q

umbilicus

A

“belly button” “navel”

59
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

spread of disease through blood sucking vectors (insect bites)

60
Q

ventral

A

front plane “belly side”

61
Q

aden/o

A

gland

62
Q

adip/o

A

fat

63
Q

anter/o

A

before, front

64
Q

caud/o

A

lower part of body, tail

65
Q

cephal/o

A

head

66
Q

cyt/o; -cyte

A

cell

67
Q

end-; endo-

A

in, within, inside

68
Q

exo-

A

out of; outside; away from

69
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

70
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

71
Q

-ology

A

the science/study of

72
Q

path/o; -pathy

A

disease; suffering; feeling; emotion

73
Q

plas/i; plas/o; -plasia

A

development; growth; formation

74
Q

poster/o

A

behind, toward the back

75
Q

-stasis; -static

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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