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BIO105 - Genetics > Chapter 4c - Cytogenetics > Flashcards

Chapter 4c - Cytogenetics Flashcards

1
Q

Changes in Chromosomes

A
  1. Aneuploidy
  2. Euploidy
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2
Q

addition or substruction of one or more chromosomes

A

aneuploidy

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3
Q

Two types of aneuploidy

A
  1. Hyperploidy
  2. Hypoploidy
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4
Q

gain of chromosomes

A

Hyperploidy

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5
Q

loss of chromosomes

A

Hypoploidy

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6
Q

Types of Hyperploidy

A
  1. trisomy
  2. double trisomy
  3. tetrasomy
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7
Q

trisomy

A

2n + 1

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8
Q

double trisomy

A

2n + 1 + 1

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9
Q

tetrasomy

A

2n + 2

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10
Q

Types of hypoploidy

A
  1. monosomy
  2. double monosomy
  3. nullisomy
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11
Q

monosomy

A

2n-1

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12
Q

double monosomy

A

2n -1 -1

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13
Q

nullisomy

A

2n -2

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14
Q

trisomy 21

A

Down syndrome

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15
Q

trisomy 18

A

Edwards syndrome

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16
Q

XXY

A

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

17
Q

trisomy 13

A

Patau Syndrome

18
Q

Effects of Nullisomics

A
  1. dwarf
  2. less tillering
  3. female fertile
  4. male fertile
  5. awnless
19
Q

Origin of Aneuploids

A
  1. loss of chromosomes
  2. non-disjunction of chromosomes and chromatids
  3. irregulariteis in chromosome distribution
  4. formation of multiple spindles
20
Q

exam of a single cell type, as often found in fluid specimens

21
Q

chromosome mutation resulting in a change in the whole genome

22
Q

Types of Euploidy

A
  1. monoploidy
  2. polyploidy
23
Q

only one copy of genome due to early separation of chromatids

A

monoploidy (X)

24
Q

detection of monoploidy

A
  1. morphological
  2. cytological
  3. highly sterile
25
Q

with more than two sets of genome

A

polyploidy

26
Q

Detection in polyploidy

A
  1. change in morphology
  2. change in fertility
  3. change in interspecific crossability
27
Q

Types of polyploidy

A
  1. Allopolyploidy
  2. Autopolyploidy
28
Q

having two or more complete sets of chromosomes derived from different species
- AABB

A

allopolyploidy

29
Q

Ex. of allopolyploidy

A
  1. Raphanobrassica
  2. The case of wheat
30
Q

occurs when organisms have more than two sets of chromosomes from the same species

A

Autopolyploidy

31
Q

origins of autoploids

A
  1. arise spontaneously
    - nondisjunction in mitosis/meiosis
    - restitution nucleus
  2. unreduced gametes
  3. can be induced

BIO105 - Genetics (19 decks)

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