Chapter 2 - Mendelian Genetics Flashcards
alternative form of a gene
allele
contain like genes for any character
homozygous
contains two kinds of genes for an allelic pair
heterozygous
- appearance or assemblage of characters that are expressed
- may change because of interactions with environment and other genes
phenotype
phenotype formula
P = G + E + (G X E)
- genetic constitution of an individual
- constant
genotype
trait that is expressed in the heterozygote
dominant trait
hidden in the heterozygote
recessive trait
why is mendelian genetics classical
principles of the Mendel still applies until today
what do Mendelian genetics deal with
qualitative traits
- also known as alleles
- According to him, two factors are needed for a trait to be expressed
- allele is one of the possible forms of a gene
- Most genes have two alleles, a dominant allele and a recessive allele
Mendelian inheritance factors
long version of the word allele
allelomorphic pairs
Mendelian genetics criteria
- diploid
- sexually reproducing
- point of attachment of the kinetochore
- attachment of sister chromatids
- site for the attachment of spindle fibre
- help in the proper alignment and segregation of the chromosomes during the process of cell division in eukaryotic cells
centromeres
physical location of a gene on a chromosome
gene loci
- study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work
- reversible and do not change your DNA sequence
- change how your body reads a DNA sequence
Epigenetics
father of Genetics
Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel is the father of __
Genetics
what did Mendel develop
fundamental laws of heredity
what did Mendel blend
Concept of Inheritance vs Particulate Theory of Inheritance
what are the test subjects of Mendel
garden peas
garden peas
Pisum sativum
why did he choose garden peas
- easily grown
- pollination is easily controlled
how did Mendel control pollination
manually moving pollen between plants
what did Mendel develop in garden peas
true-breeding plants by self-pollination
true breeding other term
pure breeding
what does true-breeding or pure-breeding plants mean
homozygous
male parts of flower
anthers
contain sperm
pollen grain
female parts
pistil
eggs
ovule
produce pollen grains, which contain male gametes
anthers