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General Biology II > Chapter 47 > Flashcards

Chapter 47 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the model organism for morphological development?

A

Sea urchin

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2
Q

Embryology

A

study of morphology over time

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3
Q

Developmental biology

A

genetics behind embryology

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4
Q

Fertilization

A
  • syngamy

- fusion of 2 haploid cells into 1 diploid cell

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5
Q

H2O fertilization

A

Both the egg and sperm are in water

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6
Q

What are the four steps in fertilization?

A
  1. Acrosome reaction
  2. receptor binding of sperm and egg
  3. fusion of membranes
  4. deposition of sperm nucleus
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7
Q

What happens in the acrosomal reaction?

A

Hydrolytic enzymes pierce the membrane of the egg

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8
Q

What happens when the membrane fuse?

A

The DNA in the sperm is released into the egg producing a heterochariotic cell

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9
Q

Syngamy

A

Fusion of two haploid nuclei to form a diploid nucleus. Creates a zygote and initiates development

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10
Q

Blocks to polyspermy

A
  1. Fast block

2. Slow block

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11
Q

Fast block

A

Following the fusion of the sperm, rapid reversal of membrane potential

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12
Q

Slow block

A

Production of fertilization membrane by fusion of cortical granules

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13
Q

Ectoderm

A
  • skin
  • nervous system
  • pituitary gland
  • adrenal medulla
  • germ cells
  • jaws
  • teeth
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14
Q

Mesoderm

A
  • skeletal
  • muscular
  • circulatory
  • lymphatic
  • dermis
  • excretory
  • reproductive
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15
Q

Endoderm

A
  • lining of digestive tract
  • pancreas
  • liver
  • thymus
  • thyroid
  • parathyroid
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16
Q

Zygote

A

One cell

17
Q

Cleavage

A

Cell division in which cell size decreases

18
Q

Morula

A

32 cells

19
Q

Gastulation

A

Transition from blastula to gastrula

20
Q

Induction

A

Release cell signals that induce overlain ectoderm to differentiate to neural ectoderm which can form neural plates then neural folds then the neural tube

21
Q

Archenteron

A

Becomes the digestive tract

22
Q

Notochord

A

Show up in the gastrula

23
Q

Trophoblast

A

Burrows into the endometrium

- becomes gastocyst when epiblast turns into germ layers

General Biology II (10 decks)

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