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General Biology II > Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Chapter 33 Flashcards

1
Q

Turbellarians

A
  • free living

- rengeneration when cut up to 10 times

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2
Q

Cestoda

A
  • tapeworms
  • no digestive tract
  • parasitic
  • Taenia saginata
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3
Q

Trematoda

A
  • flukes
  • parasitic
  • have digestive system, more advanced
  • schistosome
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4
Q

Taenia saginata

A

beef tapeworm

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5
Q

Schistosome

A

Schistosoma mansoni -Blood fluke

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6
Q

Schistosoma mansoni

A
  • Causes schistosomiasis
  • ectoparasite
  • infects 2 hosts, humans and snails
  • causes stomach problems, fever, headache, rash, and potentially death
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7
Q

What is the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni?

A
  • From the human is excreted as ciliated larvae and gets into the water.
  • it then matures in the snail
  • becomes motile larvae and re-infects the human
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8
Q

Rotifera

A
  • Pseudocoelomate
  • complete digestive tract
  • dioecious
  • some have female only species
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9
Q

Female only Rotifera

A

-Exhibit parthenogenesis

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10
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Development of unfertilized egg

  • asexual
  • gives clones
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11
Q

What does lophotrochozoa mean?

A
  • lophophore

- ciliated larvae form

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12
Q

Lophophore

A
  • U-shaped tentide feeding structure

- Lophophorates

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13
Q

Ciliated larvae form

A
  • Molluscs
  • annelids
  • Sipunulids
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14
Q

Lophophorates

A
  • coelomates

- have lophophore

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15
Q

Examples of lophophorates

A
  • ectoproct (sea mat)

- brachiopods (Look like clam, no shell)

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16
Q

Mollusc general information

A
  • triploblastic
  • eucoelomates
  • complete digestive system
  • tripartite body plan
  • radula
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17
Q

Tripartite body plan

A
  1. Muscular foot, thick muscle that can be used for movements
  2. visceral mass, houses the guts
  3. mantle, may secrete a shell
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18
Q

Visceral mass of molluscs

A
  • coelom (Heart and kidney)
  • hemocoelem (blood cavity, gonads, intestines, stomach, glands)
  • mantle cavity (gills or simple lung)
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19
Q

Radula

A
  • Ribbonlike extension of mouth

- lined with chitin used for scraping and piercing

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20
Q

Mollusc organ systems

A
  1. Nervous
  2. circulatory
  3. respiratory
  4. digestive
  5. excretory
  6. reproductive
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21
Q

Mollusc Nervous system

A
  • circumpharyngeal ganglia
  • Fused nerve cords
  • integrate sensory information
  • execute motor responses
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22
Q

Mollusc Circulatory system

A
  • Heart
  • some vessels
  • hemocoel
  • open circulatory system
  • blood = hemolymph
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23
Q

mollusk respiratory system

A
  • Across body wall
  • gills with cilia: ctenidia
  • simple lung
  • use gills for respiration and filter feeding
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24
Q

Mollusk digestive system

A
  • complete

- longer with glands, increase efficiency

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25
Mollusk excretory system
Nephridium
26
Gastropoda
- snails - and slugs - sea slug
27
Sea slug
- Carnivorous - toxin = conus - shoots prey
28
Torsion
- 120° rotation of visceral mass/mantle, mouth front, anus front/side - happens during development
29
Bivalvia
- water through incurrent siphon, out excurrent - gills = ciliated ctenidia - anus next to excurrent - clams in sand = siphon extends to water - oysters = have eyes around their rim
30
Cephalopods
- Good eyes, can see colors - crypsis- hide/camouflage/communication - ex. octopus, squid, Nautilus - chromatophore
31
Chromatophore
Colorful cell, controlled with nervous system
32
Annelida
-Metameric
33
Annelida Organ systems
1. Nervous 2. respiratory 3. circulatory 4. digestive 5. excretory 6. muscular 7. reproductive
34
Annelida Nervous system
- circumpharyengeal ganglia - Ventral nerve cords - transverse nerves - simple behaviors
35
Annelida Respiratory system
- diffusion through body wall | - Gills are possible
36
Annelida Circulatory system
Closed
37
Annelida Excretory system
-nephridia
38
Annelida Muscular system
-Circular and longitudinal muscle bands
39
Annelida Reproductive system
-monecious or dioecious
40
Classes of annelids
- oligochaeta - polychaeta - hirudinea
41
Oligochaeta
Earthworms
42
Polychaeta
- Marine worms | - have parapodia used for either movement or respiration
43
Hirudinea
Leeches (ectoparasites) | -Hirudo medicinalis
44
Hirudo medicinalis
- hirudin =Anticoagulant - can be used to increase blood flow - reduce inflammation - pull excess fluid out
45
Ecdysozoa
-ecdysis
46
Ecdysis
Molting - have external cuticle secreted by epidermis - thickness varies
47
Ecdysozoa Groups
- Nematoda | - Arthropoda
48
Nematodes
Roundworms - simple body plan - free living or parasitic
49
Nematode organ systems
1. Digestive 2. muscular 3. nervous 4. excretory
50
Nematode digestive system
- complete | - in pseudocoelom filled with coelomic fluid
51
Nematode muscular system
Have longitudinal muscle band only
52
Nematode nervous system
- Simple - ganglion - 4 nerve cords
53
Nematode excretory system
- poorly understood | - Renette cell- 1 cell gland
54
Lifecycle of Ascaris lumbricoides
- Accidentally eat partially fertilized egg - get into intestine, develops into small worm - burrows out of intestine to bloodstream - goes too lung, keeps growing - needs food, go up trachea, get swallowed in sleep back to the intestine - borough, lay eggs - eggs pooped out
55
Wucheria bancrotti
- Mosquito vector | - elephantiasis
56
Elephantiasis
- Ivermectin - cleansing wound - surgery
57
Arthropoda
- Jointed foot - metameric - exoskeleton - ecdysis - acoelomate
58
Arthropoda Exoskeleton
Thickened cuticle, may be mineralized
59
Arthropoda Molting
Accommodates growth - under normal control - affects much of physiology - "puffing"
60
Jointed appendages
- walking - swimming - flying - pinchers - mandible - antenna
61
Tagmata
Fused segments - 3: head, thorax, abdomen - 2: cephalothorax, abdomen
62
Arthropoda organ systems
1. Respiratory 2. nervous 3. digestive 4. reproductive 5. circulatory 6. excretory 7. endocrine
63
Arthropoda Respiratory system
- Book lungs - book gills - gills - trachoeles
64
Trachoeles
Pipes that carry air directly to tissues, even individual cells
65
Arthropoda Nervous system
- circumpharyngeal Ganglia - ventral nerve cord - highly developed sensory organs - complex behaviors
66
Metamorphosis
- Reduces competition - increases carrying capacity of the environment - complete: change form - incomplete: juvenile is mini version
67
Arthropoda Excretory system
Glands, malphighian tubules, gills
68
Arthropoda Endocrine system
Hormones
69
Arthropoda Digestive system
- Complete | - with glands
70
Arthropoda Reproductive system
-Dioecious
71
Arthropoda Circulatory system
- Open | - with hemocoel
72
Arthropoda 3 major lineages
- Chelicerata - Myripoda - Pancrustaea
73
Chelicerata
- merostomata, Horseshoe crab - arachnida - have chelicerae, no antenna, cephalothorax
74
Myripoda
- chilopoda:Centipedes - diplopoda: millipedes - antenna, mandibles, numerous legs
75
Pancrustaea
- Crustacea | - Hexapoda
76
Crustecea
- 1 pairs of antenna, mandibles, biramous | - crabs, lobsters
77
Biramous
Appendages for locomotion on thorax or abdomen
78
Hexapoda
- 1 pair antenna, mandible - uniramous - grasshoppers
79
Uniramous
Appendages for locomotion only on thorax

General Biology II (10 decks)

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