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General Biology II > Chapter 33 > Flashcards

Chapter 33 Flashcards

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1
Q

Turbellarians

A
  • free living

- rengeneration when cut up to 10 times

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2
Q

Cestoda

A
  • tapeworms
  • no digestive tract
  • parasitic
  • Taenia saginata
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3
Q

Trematoda

A
  • flukes
  • parasitic
  • have digestive system, more advanced
  • schistosome
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4
Q

Taenia saginata

A

beef tapeworm

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5
Q

Schistosome

A

Schistosoma mansoni -Blood fluke

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6
Q

Schistosoma mansoni

A
  • Causes schistosomiasis
  • ectoparasite
  • infects 2 hosts, humans and snails
  • causes stomach problems, fever, headache, rash, and potentially death
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7
Q

What is the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni?

A
  • From the human is excreted as ciliated larvae and gets into the water.
  • it then matures in the snail
  • becomes motile larvae and re-infects the human
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8
Q

Rotifera

A
  • Pseudocoelomate
  • complete digestive tract
  • dioecious
  • some have female only species
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9
Q

Female only Rotifera

A

-Exhibit parthenogenesis

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10
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Development of unfertilized egg

  • asexual
  • gives clones
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11
Q

What does lophotrochozoa mean?

A
  • lophophore

- ciliated larvae form

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12
Q

Lophophore

A
  • U-shaped tentide feeding structure

- Lophophorates

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13
Q

Ciliated larvae form

A
  • Molluscs
  • annelids
  • Sipunulids
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14
Q

Lophophorates

A
  • coelomates

- have lophophore

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15
Q

Examples of lophophorates

A
  • ectoproct (sea mat)

- brachiopods (Look like clam, no shell)

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16
Q

Mollusc general information

A
  • triploblastic
  • eucoelomates
  • complete digestive system
  • tripartite body plan
  • radula
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17
Q

Tripartite body plan

A
  1. Muscular foot, thick muscle that can be used for movements
  2. visceral mass, houses the guts
  3. mantle, may secrete a shell
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18
Q

Visceral mass of molluscs

A
  • coelom (Heart and kidney)
  • hemocoelem (blood cavity, gonads, intestines, stomach, glands)
  • mantle cavity (gills or simple lung)
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19
Q

Radula

A
  • Ribbonlike extension of mouth

- lined with chitin used for scraping and piercing

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20
Q

Mollusc organ systems

A
  1. Nervous
  2. circulatory
  3. respiratory
  4. digestive
  5. excretory
  6. reproductive
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21
Q

Mollusc Nervous system

A
  • circumpharyngeal ganglia
  • Fused nerve cords
  • integrate sensory information
  • execute motor responses
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22
Q

Mollusc Circulatory system

A
  • Heart
  • some vessels
  • hemocoel
  • open circulatory system
  • blood = hemolymph
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23
Q

mollusk respiratory system

A
  • Across body wall
  • gills with cilia: ctenidia
  • simple lung
  • use gills for respiration and filter feeding
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24
Q

Mollusk digestive system

A
  • complete

- longer with glands, increase efficiency

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25
Q

Mollusk excretory system

A

Nephridium

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26
Q

Gastropoda

A
  • snails
  • and slugs
  • sea slug
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27
Q

Sea slug

A
  • Carnivorous
  • toxin = conus
  • shoots prey
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28
Q

Torsion

A
  • 120° rotation of visceral mass/mantle, mouth front, anus front/side
  • happens during development
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29
Q

Bivalvia

A
  • water through incurrent siphon, out excurrent
  • gills = ciliated ctenidia
  • anus next to excurrent
  • clams in sand = siphon extends to water
  • oysters = have eyes around their rim
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30
Q

Cephalopods

A
  • Good eyes, can see colors
  • crypsis- hide/camouflage/communication
  • ex. octopus, squid, Nautilus
  • chromatophore
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31
Q

Chromatophore

A

Colorful cell, controlled with nervous system

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32
Q

Annelida

A

-Metameric

33
Q

Annelida Organ systems

A
  1. Nervous
  2. respiratory
  3. circulatory
  4. digestive
  5. excretory
  6. muscular
  7. reproductive
34
Q

Annelida Nervous system

A
  • circumpharyengeal ganglia
  • Ventral nerve cords
  • transverse nerves
  • simple behaviors
35
Q

Annelida Respiratory system

A
  • diffusion through body wall

- Gills are possible

36
Q

Annelida Circulatory system

A

Closed

37
Q

Annelida Excretory system

A

-nephridia

38
Q

Annelida Muscular system

A

-Circular and longitudinal muscle bands

39
Q

Annelida Reproductive system

A

-monecious or dioecious

40
Q

Classes of annelids

A
  • oligochaeta
  • polychaeta
  • hirudinea
41
Q

Oligochaeta

A

Earthworms

42
Q

Polychaeta

A
  • Marine worms

- have parapodia used for either movement or respiration

43
Q

Hirudinea

A

Leeches (ectoparasites)

-Hirudo medicinalis

44
Q

Hirudo medicinalis

A
  • hirudin =Anticoagulant
  • can be used to increase blood flow
  • reduce inflammation
  • pull excess fluid out
45
Q

Ecdysozoa

A

-ecdysis

46
Q

Ecdysis

A

Molting

  • have external cuticle secreted by epidermis
  • thickness varies
47
Q

Ecdysozoa Groups

A
  • Nematoda

- Arthropoda

48
Q

Nematodes

A

Roundworms

  • simple body plan
  • free living or parasitic
49
Q

Nematode organ systems

A
  1. Digestive
  2. muscular
  3. nervous
  4. excretory
50
Q

Nematode digestive system

A
  • complete

- in pseudocoelom filled with coelomic fluid

51
Q

Nematode muscular system

A

Have longitudinal muscle band only

52
Q

Nematode nervous system

A
  • Simple
  • ganglion
  • 4 nerve cords
53
Q

Nematode excretory system

A
  • poorly understood

- Renette cell- 1 cell gland

54
Q

Lifecycle of Ascaris lumbricoides

A
  • Accidentally eat partially fertilized egg
  • get into intestine, develops into small worm
  • burrows out of intestine to bloodstream
  • goes too lung, keeps growing
  • needs food, go up trachea, get swallowed in sleep back to the intestine
  • borough, lay eggs
  • eggs pooped out
55
Q

Wucheria bancrotti

A
  • Mosquito vector

- elephantiasis

56
Q

Elephantiasis

A
  • Ivermectin
  • cleansing wound
  • surgery
57
Q

Arthropoda

A
  • Jointed foot
  • metameric
  • exoskeleton
  • ecdysis
  • acoelomate
58
Q

Arthropoda Exoskeleton

A

Thickened cuticle, may be mineralized

59
Q

Arthropoda Molting

A

Accommodates growth

  • under normal control
  • affects much of physiology
  • “puffing”
60
Q

Jointed appendages

A
  • walking
  • swimming
  • flying
  • pinchers
  • mandible
  • antenna
61
Q

Tagmata

A

Fused segments

  • 3: head, thorax, abdomen
  • 2: cephalothorax, abdomen
62
Q

Arthropoda organ systems

A
  1. Respiratory
  2. nervous
  3. digestive
  4. reproductive
  5. circulatory
  6. excretory
  7. endocrine
63
Q

Arthropoda Respiratory system

A
  • Book lungs
  • book gills
  • gills
  • trachoeles
64
Q

Trachoeles

A

Pipes that carry air directly to tissues, even individual cells

65
Q

Arthropoda Nervous system

A
  • circumpharyngeal Ganglia
  • ventral nerve cord
  • highly developed sensory organs
  • complex behaviors
66
Q

Metamorphosis

A
  • Reduces competition
  • increases carrying capacity of the environment
  • complete: change form
  • incomplete: juvenile is mini version
67
Q

Arthropoda Excretory system

A

Glands, malphighian tubules, gills

68
Q

Arthropoda Endocrine system

A

Hormones

69
Q

Arthropoda Digestive system

A
  • Complete

- with glands

70
Q

Arthropoda Reproductive system

A

-Dioecious

71
Q

Arthropoda Circulatory system

A
  • Open

- with hemocoel

72
Q

Arthropoda 3 major lineages

A
  • Chelicerata
  • Myripoda
  • Pancrustaea
73
Q

Chelicerata

A
  • merostomata, Horseshoe crab
  • arachnida
  • have chelicerae, no antenna, cephalothorax
74
Q

Myripoda

A
  • chilopoda:Centipedes
  • diplopoda: millipedes
  • antenna, mandibles, numerous legs
75
Q

Pancrustaea

A
  • Crustacea

- Hexapoda

76
Q

Crustecea

A
  • 1 pairs of antenna, mandibles, biramous

- crabs, lobsters

77
Q

Biramous

A

Appendages for locomotion on thorax or abdomen

78
Q

Hexapoda

A
  • 1 pair antenna, mandible
  • uniramous
  • grasshoppers
79
Q

Uniramous

A

Appendages for locomotion only on thorax

General Biology II (10 decks)

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