Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Biology II > Chapter 40 > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hierarchy of organization

A
  • organelles
  • cells
  • tissues
  • organs
  • organ systems
  • organism
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

11 organ systems

A
  • circulatory
  • respiratory
  • reproductive
  • digestive
  • endocrine
  • muscular
  • nervous
  • excretory
  • immune
  • skeletal
  • integumentary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 tissue types

A
  • epithelial
  • nervous
  • connective
  • muscular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • cover surfaces
  • 3 shapes
  • 3 layers
  • example, skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • cells suspended in a secreted matrix
  • hold organs together
  • example, blood, bone, adipose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Muscular tissue

A
  • contractile, produces force
  • 3 types
  • example, heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Nervous tissue

A
  • neurons, generate AP, computational

- neuroglia, metabolic and structural support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Communication

A
  • signaling by hormones

- signaling by neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Signaling by hormones

A
  • endocrine system

- send global signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Signaling by neurons

A
  • cabled
  • must have connection
  • specific
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Homeostasis

A
  • any process that living things used to maintain fairly stable internal conditions necessary for survival
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Thermodynamic perspective to homeostasis

A
  • work performed to prevent equilibrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Alterations in homeostasis

A
  • purposeful changes in set points

- zero can change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Homeostasis cycle

A
  • stimulus produces change in variable
  • change detected by receptor
  • input sent along afferent pathway to control center
  • information sent along efferent pathway to effector
  • response feeds back
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Feedback loop

A

Mechanism used to promote homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Negative feedback

A
  • response designed to reduce magnitude of stimulus
  • most common
  • high blood sugar
17
Q

Positive feedback

A
  • response designed to augment magnitude of stimulus
  • amplify
  • blood clotting
  • uterine contraction during childbirth
18
Q

Energy types

A

Heat or potential energy

19
Q

Ectothermy

A

Temperature conformer or regulator

- behaviorally regulate

20
Q

Endothermy

A

Temperature regulator

- keeps temperature within a small range

21
Q

Heat transfer

A
  • convection
  • conduction
  • radiation
  • evaporation
22
Q

Convection

A

Movement of medium promotes thermal transfer

23
Q

Conduction

A

Two surfaces against each other, increases surface area which increases conductivity

24
Q

Radiation

A

Sunlight

25
Q

Evaporation

A

Requires heat, heat loss

26
Q

Fir

A
  • filled with air making small pockets
  • slow convection because of small pockets
  • low conductivity of air makes for a good lightweight insulator
27
Q

Fat layers

A

can put layers of thought under the skin to keep heat in

28
Q

Hotspots

A
  • places on body that are hotter than the rest

- can lose heat from here

29
Q

Autonomic thermoregulation

A
  • endothermy
  • thermostat in brain
  • activates sweat glands, shunt blood to the skin
  • shiver, shunt blood to core
30
Q

Countercurrent circulation

A
  • membranes equalize each other
  • maintains heat gradient
  • if you can call blood down before it hits a cold surface you can conserve heat, heat goes to other blood instead of surroundings
31
Q

Metabolic rate

A

Amount of energy used per unit of time

- calories

32
Q

Direct measurement of metabolic rate

A

Calorimetry

33
Q

Indirect measurement of metabolic rate

A

Oxygen consumption

34
Q

Basal metabolic rate

A
  • endotherm

- minimum metabolic rate

35
Q

Standard metabolic rate

A
  • ectotherm

- metabolic rate at a particular temperature

36
Q

Size relations to metabolic rates

A

Large mammals have higher diesel metabolic rates

37
Q

1 kg relations to metabolic rates

A

Smaller animals have higher basal metabolic rate per 1 kg of body mass

General Biology II (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions