Chapter 46

Question 1

in sexual reproduction meiosis creates ____ nuclei from ___ nuclei

Answer 1

n…2n

Question 2

in sexual reproduction _____ nuclei fuse to form a ____ zygote

Answer 2

haploid …. diploid

Question 3

this kind of reproduction requires only mitosis

Answer 3

asexual

Question 4

this kind of reproduction creates offspring without the fusion of two nuclei

Answer 4

asexual

Question 5

types of asexual reproduction

Answer 5

• fission
• budding
• fragmentation
• parthenogenesis

Question 6

the release of mature eggs at the midpoint of a female cycle

Answer 6

ovulation

Question 7

the cost of sexual reproduction:

Answer 7

females have half as many female offspring, pass on half as much DNA

Question 8

genetic recombination is a result of …

Answer 8

sexual reproduction

Question 9

advantages to genetic recombination:

Answer 9

• increase in variation in offspring

- shuffling of genes and elimination of harmful genes from a population

Question 10

a solution to it being hard to find a partner for sexual reproduction:

Answer 10

hermaphroditism

Question 11

individuals of some species can undergo sex reversals… this is called:

Answer 11

sequential hermaphroditism

Question 12

male to female reversal for sequential hermaphroditism

Answer 12

protandry

Question 13

female to male reversal for sequential hermaphroditism

Answer 13

protogyny

Question 14

broadcast spawning is an example of ….

Answer 14

external fertilization

Question 15

method of sexual reproduction where sperm meets egg inside of the female

Answer 15

internal fertlization

Question 16

method of sexual reproduction where egg shed by female is fertilized outside of the organism

Answer 16

external fertilization

Question 17

habitat required for external fertilization:

Answer 17

moist

so that the sperm can swim to the egg and prevent the gamates from drying out

Question 18

mating animals can use ___ which are chemicals released by an organism to influence the behavior of other individuals of the same species

Answer 18

pheromones

Question 19

type of fertilization that typically produces less gamates but higher survival of zygotes

Answer 19

internal fertilization

Question 20

methods of ensuring offspring survival:

Answer 20

• shells and internal membranes
• embryos
• internal fertilization

Question 21

the organ that produces gamates in most species:

Answer 21

gonads

Question 22

gamates form from ____ in organisms that don’t have gonads

Answer 22

undifferentiated tissue

Question 23

in many insects, the female has a ____ which stores the sperm during copulation

Answer 23

spermatheca

Question 24

a common opening between the external environment and digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems

Answer 24

cloaca

Question 25

cloacas are most common in _____ ______

Answer 25

nonmammalian vertebrates