Chapter 35

Question 1

taproot

Answer 1

large, dominate root where other roots sprout laterally

Question 2

axillary bud

Answer 2

embryonic or organogenic shoot, each bud has a potential to form shoots

Question 3

node

Answer 3

the structure that is responsible for attaching the petiole to the stem

Question 4

xylem

Answer 4

vascular tissue that brings water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant

Question 5

phloem

Answer 5

vascular tissue that brings sugars and other metabolic products down from the leaves

Question 6

cambium

Answer 6

layer of actively dividing cells between xylem and phloem tissues that is responsible for secondary growth of stems and roots

Question 7

three types of tissue systems

Answer 7

1. epidermis, cuticle, or periderm
2. tissue (xylem and phloem)
3. pith or cortex

Question 8

tracheids

Answer 8

water-conducting cell in the xylem that lacks perforations in the cell wall

Question 9

sieve-tube

Answer 9

a series of tube elements that are placed end to end to form a continuous tube and is an important part of the phloem which functions to transport carbohydrates (mainly sucrose) in the plant

Question 10

sclerenchyma and scleried cells

Answer 10

strong, thick cells that provide structural support

Question 11

eudicots

Answer 11

clade of flowering plants that have two seed leaves upon germination

Question 12

gymnosperms

Answer 12

plants that have seeds that are unprotected by an ovary or a fruit

Question 13

eudicots and gymnosperms mostly have a ____ system

Answer 13

taproot

Question 14

most nonocots have a _____ _____ system

Answer 14

fibrous root

Question 15

apical bud

Answer 15

where the shoot growth occurs

Question 16

leaves are made of flattened ____ and a stalk called the ___ which joins the leaf to a _____ of the stem

Answer 16

blade…petiole… node

Question 17

monocots and eudicots differ in the arrangement of ____ (the vascular tissue of leaves)

Answer 17

veins

Question 18

storage leaves

Answer 18

thick underground leaves that store starch

Question 19

bracts

Answer 19

modified leaf that is small and usually with a flower in its axil

Question 20

pitcher plant leaves modification

Answer 20

modifies into a pitcher to catch insects

Question 21

venus flytrap leaf modification

Answer 21

modifies into jaws to catch insects

Question 22

poinsettia leaf modification

Answer 22

bright red leaves resemble flower petals

Question 23

cactus leaf modification

Answer 23

leaves have become spines for protection