Chapter 35 Flashcards
taproot
large, dominate root where other roots sprout laterally
axillary bud
embryonic or organogenic shoot, each bud has a potential to form shoots
node
the structure that is responsible for attaching the petiole to the stem
xylem
vascular tissue that brings water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant
phloem
vascular tissue that brings sugars and other metabolic products down from the leaves
cambium
layer of actively dividing cells between xylem and phloem tissues that is responsible for secondary growth of stems and roots
three types of tissue systems
- epidermis, cuticle, or periderm
- tissue (xylem and phloem)
- pith or cortex
tracheids
water-conducting cell in the xylem that lacks perforations in the cell wall
sieve-tube
a series of tube elements that are placed end to end to form a continuous tube and is an important part of the phloem which functions to transport carbohydrates (mainly sucrose) in the plant
sclerenchyma and scleried cells
strong, thick cells that provide structural support
eudicots
clade of flowering plants that have two seed leaves upon germination
gymnosperms
plants that have seeds that are unprotected by an ovary or a fruit
eudicots and gymnosperms mostly have a ____ system
taproot
most nonocots have a _____ _____ system
fibrous root
apical bud
where the shoot growth occurs
leaves are made of flattened ____ and a stalk called the ___ which joins the leaf to a _____ of the stem
blade…petiole… node
monocots and eudicots differ in the arrangement of ____ (the vascular tissue of leaves)
veins
storage leaves
thick underground leaves that store starch
bracts
modified leaf that is small and usually with a flower in its axil
pitcher plant leaves modification
modifies into a pitcher to catch insects
venus flytrap leaf modification
modifies into jaws to catch insects
poinsettia leaf modification
bright red leaves resemble flower petals
cactus leaf modification
leaves have become spines for protection
