Chapter 34

Question 1

a hollow nerve chord that has pharyngeal slits

Answer 1

notochord

Question 2

a phylum that has two basal groups of invertebrates and vertebrates and belong to the clade Deuterostomia

Answer 2

chordata

Question 3

bilaterally symmetrical coelomates with segmented bodies

Answer 3

body plan of chordates

Question 4

All ____ share the following set of derived characters:

• notochord
• dorsal hollow nerve cord
• pharyngeal slits
• muscular tail

Answer 4

chordates

Question 5

a flexible rod between the digestive tube and nerve cord

Answer 5

notochord

Question 6

the ____ develops into the central nervous system for chordates

Answer 6

nerve cord

Question 7

grooves on the outer surface of the pharynx are called____ that later develop into ___

Answer 7

pharyngeal clefts… pharyngeal slits

Question 8

the purpose of pharyngeal slits

Answer 8

suspension-feeding structures in invertebrate chordates, gas exchange in vertebrates

Question 9

____ draw water through an incurrent siphon… they also have fewer ____ than other invertebrates

Answer 9

tunicates… hox genes

Question 10

examples of jawless vertebrates that remain today

Answer 10

hagfish and lampreys

Question 11

a clade of living jawless vertebrates

Answer 11

cyclostomes

Question 12

jawless vertebrate that has a cartilaginouos skull, reduced vertebrate, flexible rod of cartilage

Answer 12

hagfish

Question 13

hagfish produce ___ to repel competitors and predatrs

Answer 13

slime

Question 14

jawed vertebrates

Answer 14

gnathostomes

Question 15

• four limbs and feet with digits
• a neck
• fusion of the pelvic girdle to the backbone
• the absence of gills
• ears

these are adaptations of ____

Answer 15

tetrapods

Question 16

the three clades that are under Amphibians

Answer 16

• salamanders
• frogs
• caecilians

Question 17

a clade that includes tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles, crocodiliians, and birds

Answer 17

reptile

Question 18

fertilization occurs _____ in reptiles

Answer 18

internally

Question 19

weight saving adaptations that improve flight efficiency

Answer 19

• lack of urinary bladder
• females with only one ovary
• small gonads
• loss of teeth

Question 20

• mammary glands
• hair and a fat layer under the skin to keep in heat
• kidneys
• endothermy/ high metabolic rate
• efficient respiratory and circulatory systems
• large brain to body-size ratio
• extensive parental care
• differentiated teeth

these are examples of derived characters of _____

Answer 20

mammals