Chapter 29

Question 1

charophytes

Answer 1

group of freshwater green algae

Question 2

sporangia

Answer 2

a receptacle in ferns and lower plants where asexual spores are formed

Question 3

plants originated from ____ _____ about 470 million years ago

Answer 3

green algae

Question 4

ways in which evolution of plants affected earth and its other life forms

Answer 4

• early forests contributed to a large drop in CO2 levels
• plants permitted the diversification of heterotrophs
• seedless vascular plants forming the first forests became coal

Question 5

derived traits of plants from algae

Answer 5

• the cuticle
• the stomata
• early plants lacked true roots making absorption of nutrients from the soil challenging

Question 6

vascular tissue

Answer 6

cells joined into tubes for transport

Question 7

bryophytes

Answer 7

nonvascular plants

Question 8

the two clades of seedless vascular plants

Answer 8

lycophytes and monilophytes

Question 9

plants that have an extensive vascular transport system but don’t produce seeds

Answer 9

seedless vasccular plants

Question 10

what is a seed?

Answer 10

it is an embryo packaged with a supply of nutrients inside of a protective coat

Question 11

two groups of seed plants:

Answer 11

gymnosperms - clade that produces seeds that aren’t enclosed in chambers (naked seeds)
angiosperms - clade that produces seeds that develop inside of chambers that originate within flowers

Question 12

three phyla of modern day bryophytes

Answer 12

• liverworts
• mosses
• hornworts

Question 13

difference between the different bryophyte sporophytes

Answer 13

• moss and hornwort sporophytes are larger and more complex than liverworts
• moss and hornwort sporophytes have stomata but liverworts’ don’t