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LECOM pharmacology notecards > chapter 44- Pharm of hematopoiesis and immunomodulation > Flashcards

chapter 44- Pharm of hematopoiesis and immunomodulation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the clinical application of oprelvekin

A

prevention of severe chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia

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2
Q

what are the contraindications for erythropoietin/ darbepoetin

A

uncontrolled HTN and hypertensive encephalopathy

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3
Q

how does oprelvekin differ from IL-11

A

lack of N-terminal proline residue

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4
Q

how does sargramostin effect eosinophil levels

A

mild and dose-dependent increase in eosinophils

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5
Q

what are some side effects of oprelvekin

A

fluid retention, atrial fibrillation, oral candidiasis, conjunctival hyperemia; fatigue

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6
Q

what is romiplostim

A

recombinant IgG1 Fc-peptide fusion protein the binds and activates the TPO receptor

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7
Q

how is romiplostim administered

A

subcutaneous injection once weekly

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8
Q

what does oprelvekin cause dose-dependent increase in

A

platelet count and in number of megakaryocytic in bone marrow

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9
Q

what are some side effects of hydroxyurea

A

myelosuppression, skin ulcer, secondary leukemia with long-term use

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10
Q

what is the clinical application of romiplostim

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purport unresponsive to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or splenectomy

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11
Q

what is the clinical application of erythropoietin and darbepoetin

A

cancer-associated and chemotherapy-induced anemia; anemia of chronic kidney disease

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12
Q

what drug involved in hematopoiesis and immunomodulation may be abused by athletes

A

erythropoietin / darbepoetin

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13
Q

what is the clinical application of sargramostim

A

neutropenia, peripheral-blood stem cell harvest

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14
Q

what can happen if epoetin or darbepoetin are administered to non anemia or mildly anemic patients

A

polycythemia, blood hyper viscosity, and stroke or MI

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15
Q

how do you administered erythropoietin

A

parenterally

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16
Q

why might 5-azacytidine and decitabine increase cancer risk

A

because they interfere with normal DNA synthesis

17
Q

what enzyme does hydroxyurea appear to inhibit

A

ribonucleotide reductase

18
Q

what is the mechanism of action of hydroxyurea

A

block division of HbS-expressing erythroid precursors, leading to increase HbF expression

19
Q

what is the clinical application of non-topical tretinoin

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia; acne vulgarism

20
Q

what is the clinical application of decitabine

A

myelodysplastic syndrome, sickle cell disease, thalasemma

21
Q

what is the clinical application of hydroxyurea

A

sickle cell anemia, refractory chronic myelogenous leukemia, head and neck cancer; malignant melanoma, ovarian carcinoma

22
Q

how is Eltrombopag administered

A

oral administration

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action of decitabine

A

reverse methylation of gamma globulin gene, leading to increase HbF expression

24
Q

what are the contraindications for hydroxyurea use

A

severe bone marrow depression; live rotavirus vaccine

25
Q

what does levamisole cause macrophages and T cell to secrete

A

IL-1

26
Q

what are some adverse effects of levamisole

A

leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, seizures, exfoliative dermatitis

27
Q

what do thrombopoietin analogues bind to

A

Mp1

28
Q

what is the clinical application of levamisole

A

colon cancer (in combination with 5-fluorouracil)

29
Q

what is the mechanism of action of 5-azacytidine

A

reverse methylation of gamma globulin gene, leading to increase HbF expression

30
Q

what is Eltrombopag an agonist to

A

small-molecule TPO receptor

31
Q

what is the clinical application of topical tretinoin

A

fine wrinkles of the face

32
Q

what is the major side effects of filgrastim and PEG-filgrastim

A

bone pain, influenza like illness

33
Q

what are the clinical applications of filgrastim and PEG-filgrastim

A

neutropenia and peripheral-blood stem cell harvest

34
Q

what cancer is IL-2 particular useful in treating

A

melanom

35
Q

what immunosuppressive drug is associated with ATRA syndrome and what is that

A

tretinoin; ATRA is fever, acute respiratory distress with pulmonary infiltrates, edema and weight gain, and multi system organ failure

LECOM pharmacology notecards (22 decks)

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