chapter 44- Pharm of hematopoiesis and immunomodulation Flashcards

1
Q

what is the clinical application of oprelvekin

A

prevention of severe chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia

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2
Q

what are the contraindications for erythropoietin/ darbepoetin

A

uncontrolled HTN and hypertensive encephalopathy

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3
Q

how does oprelvekin differ from IL-11

A

lack of N-terminal proline residue

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4
Q

how does sargramostin effect eosinophil levels

A

mild and dose-dependent increase in eosinophils

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5
Q

what are some side effects of oprelvekin

A

fluid retention, atrial fibrillation, oral candidiasis, conjunctival hyperemia; fatigue

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6
Q

what is romiplostim

A

recombinant IgG1 Fc-peptide fusion protein the binds and activates the TPO receptor

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7
Q

how is romiplostim administered

A

subcutaneous injection once weekly

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8
Q

what does oprelvekin cause dose-dependent increase in

A

platelet count and in number of megakaryocytic in bone marrow

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9
Q

what are some side effects of hydroxyurea

A

myelosuppression, skin ulcer, secondary leukemia with long-term use

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10
Q

what is the clinical application of romiplostim

A

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purport unresponsive to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or splenectomy

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11
Q

what is the clinical application of erythropoietin and darbepoetin

A

cancer-associated and chemotherapy-induced anemia; anemia of chronic kidney disease

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12
Q

what drug involved in hematopoiesis and immunomodulation may be abused by athletes

A

erythropoietin / darbepoetin

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13
Q

what is the clinical application of sargramostim

A

neutropenia, peripheral-blood stem cell harvest

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14
Q

what can happen if epoetin or darbepoetin are administered to non anemia or mildly anemic patients

A

polycythemia, blood hyper viscosity, and stroke or MI

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15
Q

how do you administered erythropoietin

A

parenterally

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16
Q

why might 5-azacytidine and decitabine increase cancer risk

A

because they interfere with normal DNA synthesis

17
Q

what enzyme does hydroxyurea appear to inhibit

A

ribonucleotide reductase

18
Q

what is the mechanism of action of hydroxyurea

A

block division of HbS-expressing erythroid precursors, leading to increase HbF expression

19
Q

what is the clinical application of non-topical tretinoin

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia; acne vulgarism

20
Q

what is the clinical application of decitabine

A

myelodysplastic syndrome, sickle cell disease, thalasemma

21
Q

what is the clinical application of hydroxyurea

A

sickle cell anemia, refractory chronic myelogenous leukemia, head and neck cancer; malignant melanoma, ovarian carcinoma

22
Q

how is Eltrombopag administered

A

oral administration

23
Q

what is the mechanism of action of decitabine

A

reverse methylation of gamma globulin gene, leading to increase HbF expression

24
Q

what are the contraindications for hydroxyurea use

A

severe bone marrow depression; live rotavirus vaccine

25
what does levamisole cause macrophages and T cell to secrete
IL-1
26
what are some adverse effects of levamisole
leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, seizures, exfoliative dermatitis
27
what do thrombopoietin analogues bind to
Mp1
28
what is the clinical application of levamisole
colon cancer (in combination with 5-fluorouracil)
29
what is the mechanism of action of 5-azacytidine
reverse methylation of gamma globulin gene, leading to increase HbF expression
30
what is Eltrombopag an agonist to
small-molecule TPO receptor
31
what is the clinical application of topical tretinoin
fine wrinkles of the face
32
what is the major side effects of filgrastim and PEG-filgrastim
bone pain, influenza like illness
33
what are the clinical applications of filgrastim and PEG-filgrastim
neutropenia and peripheral-blood stem cell harvest
34
what cancer is IL-2 particular useful in treating
melanom
35
what immunosuppressive drug is associated with ATRA syndrome and what is that
tretinoin; ATRA is fever, acute respiratory distress with pulmonary infiltrates, edema and weight gain, and multi system organ failure