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LECOM pharmacology notecards > chapter 12- GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission > Flashcards

chapter 12- GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission Flashcards

1
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of allylglycine

A

inhibits glutamic acid decarboxylase

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2
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of isoniazid

A

inhibits pyridoxal kinase (antivitamin B6 effect)

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3
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of tetanus toxin

A

inhibits GABA and glycine release

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4
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of tiagabine

A

inhibits GAT-1

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5
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of vigabatrin

A

inhibits GABA transaminase

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6
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of muscimol

A

GABAa receptor agonist

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7
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of gaboxadol

A

GABAa receptor agonist

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8
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of bicuculline

A

competitive antagonist

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9
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of gabazine

A

competitive antagonist

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10
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of picrotoxin

A

noncompetitive antagonist, pore blocker, occludes chloride channel

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11
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of benzodiazepines

A

potentiate GABA binding

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12
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of barbituates

A

increase GABA efficacy, weak agonist

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13
Q

what is the presumed mechanism of baclofen

A

GABAb receptor agonist

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14
Q

what is the main effect of allylglycine

A

convulsant

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15
Q

what is the main effect of isoniazid

A

convulsant at high doses

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16
Q

what is the main effect of tetanus toxin

A

convulsant

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17
Q

what is the main effect of tiagabine

A

anticonvulsant

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18
Q

what is the main effect of vigabatrin

A

anticonvulsant

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19
Q

what is the main effect of muscimol

A

mimics psychosis

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20
Q

what is the main effect of gaoxadol

A

anticonvulsant

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21
Q

what is the duration of action of clorazepate

A

short acting

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22
Q

what is the duration of action of midazolam

A

short acting

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23
Q

what is the duration of action of alprazolam and lorazepam

A

intermediate action

24
Q

what is the duration of action of chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, diazepam

A

long acting

25
Q

what is the duration of action of triazolam

A

shorting acting

26
Q

what is the duration of action of estrazolam and temazepam

A

intermediate action

27
Q

what is the duration of action of flurazepam and quazepam

A

long acting

28
Q

what are the short acting barbiturates

A

amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, phenobarbital

29
Q

what are the ultrashort-acting barbiturates

A

methohexital, thiopental

30
Q

what are some side effects seen with tiagabine

A

unexplained sudden death; confusion, sedation, ataxia, amnesia

31
Q

what is the mechanism of action of tiagabine

A

enhance GABA activity by blocking gABA reuptake into presynaptic neurons

32
Q

what are some side effects seen with vigabatrin

A

retinal atrophy, angioedema, headache, weight gain

33
Q

what is the mechanism of action of vigabatrin

A

blocks conversion of GABA to succinct semialdehyde, resulting in high intracellular GABA concentrations and increased synaptic GABA release

34
Q

what is the mechanism of action of miscimol and gaboxadol

A

directly activate GABAa receptor

35
Q

what is the mechanism of action of bicuculline and gabazine

A

competitive antagonist of GABAa receptor

36
Q

what is the mechanism of action of picrotoxin

A

noncompetitive antagonisti of GABAa receptor

37
Q

what is a therapeutic consideration of bicuculline, gabazine and picrotoxin

A

produce epileptic convulsions

38
Q

what short acting benzodiazepine can be used for absence seizures

A

clonazepam

39
Q

what are some contraindications of benzodiazepines

A

acute narrow angle glaucoma and untreated open angle glaucoma

40
Q

what is the clinical use of flumazenil

A

reversal of benzodiazepine activity

41
Q

what barbiturate can be used to treat increased intracranial pressure

A

thiopental

42
Q

what are some adverse effects see with barbiturates

A

SJS, bone marrow suppression, osteopenia, decreased libido

43
Q

what are some contraindications of barbiturates

A

porphyria, severe liver dysfunction, respiratory depression

44
Q

what is the clinical use of etomidate

A

induction of anesthesia

45
Q

what are some adverse effects seen with etomidate

A

CV and respiratory depression, injection-site reaction, myoclonus

46
Q

what synthesis does etomidate inhibit

A

cortisol and aldosterone

47
Q

what is the clinical use of propofol

A

induction and maintenance of anesthesia; sedation of mechanically ventilated patients

48
Q

what is the most widely used anesthetic in the USA

A

propofol

49
Q

what is the clinical application of baclofen

A

spasticity

50
Q

what are some side effects sen with baclofen

A

coma, seizure, death after abrupt withdrawal, somnolence

51
Q

how is baclofen primarily cleared

A

renal

52
Q

what is clinical application of riluzole

A

ALS

53
Q

what is clinical application of memantine

A

alzheimers disease

54
Q

what is clinical application of amantadine

A

parkinson disease; influenza A prophylaxis and infection

55
Q

what is clinical application of lamotrigine

A

focal and tonic-clonic seizures; atypical absence seizures; bipolar 1 disorder

56
Q

what is clinical application of felbamate

A

refractory epilepsy, especially focal and tonic-clonic seizures

57
Q

what are some contraindications for felbamate use

A

blood dyscrasia, liver disease

LECOM pharmacology notecards (22 decks)

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