chapter 12- GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission Flashcards by Anna Woods

what is the presumed mechanism of allylglycine

inhibits glutamic acid decarboxylase

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what is the presumed mechanism of isoniazid

inhibits pyridoxal kinase (antivitamin B6 effect)

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what is the presumed mechanism of tetanus toxin

inhibits GABA and glycine release

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what is the presumed mechanism of tiagabine

inhibits GAT-1

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what is the presumed mechanism of vigabatrin

inhibits GABA transaminase

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what is the presumed mechanism of muscimol

GABAa receptor agonist

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what is the presumed mechanism of gaboxadol

GABAa receptor agonist

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what is the presumed mechanism of bicuculline

competitive antagonist

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what is the presumed mechanism of gabazine

competitive antagonist

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what is the presumed mechanism of picrotoxin

noncompetitive antagonist, pore blocker, occludes chloride channel

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what is the presumed mechanism of benzodiazepines

potentiate GABA binding

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what is the presumed mechanism of barbituates

increase GABA efficacy, weak agonist

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what is the presumed mechanism of baclofen

GABAb receptor agonist

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what is the main effect of allylglycine

convulsant

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what is the main effect of isoniazid

convulsant at high doses

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what is the main effect of tetanus toxin

convulsant

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what is the main effect of tiagabine

anticonvulsant

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what is the main effect of vigabatrin

anticonvulsant

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what is the main effect of muscimol

mimics psychosis

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what is the main effect of gaoxadol

anticonvulsant

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what is the duration of action of clorazepate

short acting

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what is the duration of action of midazolam

short acting

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what is the duration of action of alprazolam and lorazepam

intermediate action

what is the duration of action of chlordiazepoxide, clonazepam, diazepam

long acting

what is the duration of action of triazolam

shorting acting

what is the duration of action of estrazolam and temazepam

intermediate action

what is the duration of action of flurazepam and quazepam

long acting

what are the short acting barbiturates

amobarbital, pentobarbital, secobarbital, phenobarbital

what are the ultrashort-acting barbiturates

methohexital, thiopental

what are some side effects seen with tiagabine

unexplained sudden death; confusion, sedation, ataxia, amnesia

what is the mechanism of action of tiagabine

enhance GABA activity by blocking gABA reuptake into presynaptic neurons

what are some side effects seen with vigabatrin

retinal atrophy, angioedema, headache, weight gain

what is the mechanism of action of vigabatrin

blocks conversion of GABA to succinct semialdehyde, resulting in high intracellular GABA concentrations and increased synaptic GABA release

what is the mechanism of action of miscimol and gaboxadol

directly activate GABAa receptor

what is the mechanism of action of bicuculline and gabazine

competitive antagonist of GABAa receptor

what is the mechanism of action of picrotoxin

noncompetitive antagonisti of GABAa receptor

what is a therapeutic consideration of bicuculline, gabazine and picrotoxin

produce epileptic convulsions

what short acting benzodiazepine can be used for absence seizures

clonazepam

what are some contraindications of benzodiazepines

acute narrow angle glaucoma and untreated open angle glaucoma

what is the clinical use of flumazenil

reversal of benzodiazepine activity

what barbiturate can be used to treat increased intracranial pressure

thiopental

what are some adverse effects see with barbiturates

SJS, bone marrow suppression, osteopenia, decreased libido

what are some contraindications of barbiturates

porphyria, severe liver dysfunction, respiratory depression

what is the clinical use of etomidate

induction of anesthesia

what are some adverse effects seen with etomidate

CV and respiratory depression, injection-site reaction, myoclonus

what synthesis does etomidate inhibit

cortisol and aldosterone

what is the clinical use of propofol

induction and maintenance of anesthesia; sedation of mechanically ventilated patients

what is the most widely used anesthetic in the USA

propofol

what is the clinical application of baclofen

spasticity

what are some side effects sen with baclofen

coma, seizure, death after abrupt withdrawal, somnolence

how is baclofen primarily cleared

renal

what is clinical application of riluzole

ALS

what is clinical application of memantine

alzheimers disease

what is clinical application of amantadine

parkinson disease; influenza A prophylaxis and infection

what is clinical application of lamotrigine

focal and tonic-clonic seizures; atypical absence seizures; bipolar 1 disorder

what is clinical application of felbamate

refractory epilepsy, especially focal and tonic-clonic seizures

what are some contraindications for felbamate use

blood dyscrasia, liver disease