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LECOM pharmacology notecards > Chapter 35 (micro 50): Anti-fungals > Flashcards

Chapter 35 (micro 50): Anti-fungals Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of polymers

A

Bind to ergosterol causing disruption of cell membrane

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2
Q

What is the mechanism of action of allylamines

A

Block ergosterol synthesis in cell membrane

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3
Q

What is the mechanism of action of azoles

A

Block ergosterol synthesis in cell membrane

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4
Q

What is the mechanism of action of echinocnadins

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis

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5
Q

What is the mechanism of action of pyrimidine inhibitor

A

Inhibits DNA and protein synthesis

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6
Q

What pathogens does flucytosine treat mostly

A

Cryptococcus, candida

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7
Q

What pathogens does echinocgandins mostly treat

A

Candida, aspergillosis

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8
Q

What pathogens does terbinafine usually treat

A

Dermatophytes

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9
Q

What pathogens does fluconazole mostly treat

A

Candida, cryptococcus

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10
Q

What inherent toxicities are associated with amphotericin B (micro)

A

Nephrotoxicity, anemia, infusion reactions

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11
Q

What activity does terbinafine inhibit

A

Squareness epoxidase acitvity

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12
Q

What is potassium iodide used against

A

Cutaneous sporotrichosis

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13
Q

What are some side effects of potassium iodide

A

Metallic taste, thyroid dysfunction, rash, salivary swelling

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14
Q

describe the mechanism of action of flucytosine

A

converted in several steps to 5-FdUMP, which inhibits thymidylate synthase and thereby interferes with DNA synthesis

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15
Q

what are the clinical applications of flucytosine

A

candidiasis, cryptococcosis, chromomycosis

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16
Q

what are some adverse effects with flucytosine

A

bone marrow suppression, cardiotoxicity, GI disturbance

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17
Q

what is a contraindication to flucytosine

A

pregnancy

18
Q

what accounts for resistant to flucytosine

A

mutations in cytosine permeate or cytosine deaminase

19
Q

who should flucytosine be use with caution in

A

patients with renal impairment

20
Q

what is the mechanism of action of griseofulvin

A

binds to tubular and a microtubule-associated protein, thereby disrupting assembly of the mitotic spindle

21
Q

what is the clinical application of griseofulvin

A

fungal infection of skin, hair or nail to trichophyton, microsporum, or epidermophyton

22
Q

what levels can griseofulvin increase

A

protoporphyrin levels

23
Q

what are some adverse effects seen with griseofulvin

A

vertigo, blurred vision, hepatotoxicity, serum sickness

24
Q

what are some contraindication to griseofulvin use

A

pregnancy, porphyria and hepatic failure

25
Q

at what interval is griseofulvin taken

A

6 hour intervals

26
Q

what is the mechanism of action of terbinafine, naftifine, butenafine

A

inhibit conversion of squalene to lanosterol by inhibiting squalene epoxidase

27
Q

what is the main clinical application of terbinafine, naftifine, butenafine

A

tinea infections

28
Q

what drugs can alter plasma levels of terbinafine

A

cimetidine increases it and rifampin decreases it

29
Q

what is the mechanism of action of the imidazole antifungals

A

inhibiting 14-alpha-sterol demethylase which inhibits conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol

30
Q

what are some adverse effects seen with ketoconazole

A

GI disturbance, hepatic dysfunction, gynecomastia, decreased libido, menstrual irregularities

31
Q

what is the mechanism of action of amphotericin B

A

bind to ergosterol and form pores that alter fungal membrane permeability and stability

32
Q

what are some adverse effects seen with amphotericin B

A

renal toxicity, cytokine storm, anemia, weight loss, GI disturbance

33
Q

what is the clinical application of nystatin

A

mucocutaneous candidiasis

34
Q

what is the mechanism of action of echincandins

A

non competitively inhibit synthesis of beta-(1,3)-D-glucans, which leads to disruption of cell wall integrity

35
Q

what is the clinical application of anidulafungin

A

esophageal candidiasis, candidermia

36
Q

what organ systems is amphotericin primarily used for

A

severe systemic fungal infections

37
Q

what does amphotericin toxicity result form

A

non-selective binding to mammalian cholesterol membranes

38
Q

what type of amphotericin administration is needed for fungal CNS infections

A

intrathecal administration

39
Q

what is the biggest amphotericin toxicity

A

renal tubular acidosis type 1 (renal damage)

40
Q

what fungi does itraconazole treat

A

systemic infections with dimorphic fungi (histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, sporothrix)

41
Q

what does ketonazole inhibit

A

17,20-desmolase, the first step of steroid synthesis of cholesterol

LECOM pharmacology notecards (22 decks)

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