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LECOM pharmacology notecards > chapter 26- pharm of hypothalamus and pituitary gland > Flashcards

chapter 26- pharm of hypothalamus and pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

what growth hormone replacement can be used to treat prader-willi and turner’s syndrome

A

somatotropin and somatrem

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2
Q

what are the common side effects of somatropin and somatrem use

A

increased intracranial pressure, pancreatitis, rapid growth of nevi

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3
Q

what are the contraindications for somatropin and somatrem use

A

patients with closed epiphyses, active underlying intracranial lesion, active malignancy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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4
Q

what inhibits the growth-promoting effect of somatotropin

A

glucocorticoids

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5
Q

what medication is used as diagnostic evaluation of decreased plasma growth hormone

A

sermorelin

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6
Q

what are the adverse effects of sermorelin use

A

transient flushing, chest tightness, antibody development

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7
Q

what are the adverse effects of tesamorelin use

A

arthralgia, peripheral edema, myalgia

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8
Q

what are the contraindications for tesamorelin use

A

active malignancy, pregnancy

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9
Q

what can be used to monitor IGF-1 and glucose level during therapy

A

tesamorelin

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10
Q

what medication can be used to treat laron dwarfism

A

mecasermin

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11
Q

what are the adverse effects of mecasermin

A

hypoglycemia, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, raised intracranial pressure, seizure, tonsillar hypertrophy

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12
Q

what is the mechanism of action of octreotide

A

inhibits GH release

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13
Q

what are the clinical applications for octreotide

A

esophageal varices, acromegaly, TSH-producing adenomas

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14
Q

what are the side effects of octreotide use

A

hypoglycemia, gallstone formation, diarrhea, lightheadedness

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15
Q

what is the clinical application of pegvisomant

A

acromegaly

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16
Q

what are the adverse effects of pegvisomant

A

elevated LFTs, HTN, peripheral edema, paresthesias, dizziness

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17
Q

what is the mechanism of action of pegvisomant

A

antagonizes GH receptor

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18
Q

what is the mechanism of action of bromocriptine

A

inhibits lactotroph growth

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19
Q

what are the clinical applications of bromocriptine

A

amenorrhea and galactorrhea from hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, parkinson’s disease, premenstrual syndrome

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20
Q

what are the adverse effects of bromocriptine

A

dizziness, hypotension, abdominal cramps, nausea

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21
Q

what are the contraindications of bromocriptine

A

hypersensitivity to ergot derivatives, uncontrolled HTN, toxemia of pregnancy

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22
Q

what prolactin inhibitor may cause alcohol intolerance

A

bromocriptine

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23
Q

what is the clinical application of cabergoline

A

hyperprolactinemia

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24
Q

what are the adverse effects of cabergoline

A

MI, heart failure, pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusion, hallucinations

25
Q

what are the contraindications of carbergoline

A

pregnancy, uncontrolled HTN

26
Q

what is the clinical application of protirelin

A

diagnosis of thyroid function

27
Q

what are the adverse effects of protirelin use

A

seizure, amaurosis faux in patients with pituitary tumors, anxiety, diaphoresis

28
Q

what medications decrease protirelin-mediated TSH release

A

cyproheptadine and thioridazine

29
Q

what are the contraindications for thyrotropin (TSH)

A

adrenal insufficiency, coronary thrombosis

30
Q

what is the main reason for thyrotropin

A

used to stimulate radioactive iodine uptake in the treatment of thyroid cancer

31
Q

what drug is used to diagnose adrenocortical function, especially primary vs secondary

A

cosyntropin

32
Q

what is the response to cosyntropin in primary adrenocortical deficiency

A

failure to increase plasma cortisol concentration

33
Q

what are the adverse effects of cosyntropin use

A

increased intracranial pressure with papilledema, pseudo tumor cerebri, seizures, necrotizing vasculitis, induction of latent DM, bronchospasm

34
Q

what are the contraindications for cosyntropin use

A

its with PUD, scleroderma, osteoporosis, systemic fungal infections, ocular herpes simplex, cushings syndrome

35
Q

what is the clinical application of gonadorelin

A

diagnosis of hypogonadism, stimulate ovulation

36
Q

what are the side effects of gonadorelin

A

anaphylaxis with multiple administrations, lightheadedness

37
Q

what GnRH analogues can cause DVT

A

goserelin and leuprolide

38
Q

what GnRH analogues can cause pituitary apoplexy

A

leuprolide

39
Q

what are the clinical applications of ganirelix and cetrorelix

A

inhibition of premature LH surges in women undergoing control of ovarian hyper stimulation

40
Q

what are the adverse effects of ganirelix

A

ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder, spontaneous abortion

41
Q

how do you get urofollitropin

A

isolated from urine of post-menopausal women

42
Q

what are the clinical applications for follitropin and urofillitropin

A

ovulation induction, male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

43
Q

define primary endocrine disorder

A

caused by target organ pathology

44
Q

define secondary endocrine disorder

A

reflects pituitary disease

45
Q

define tertiary endocrine disorder

A

results from hypothalamic pathology

46
Q

what does dopamine inhibit

A

lactotroph activity and prolactin

47
Q

what does increased prolactin levels do to estrogen synthesis

A

surpasses it

48
Q

what is CRH used for a diagnostic tool in

A

petrosal sinus sampling for ACTH

49
Q

what is the most commonly used GnRH agonist

A

leuprolide

50
Q

what produces ADH

A

magnocellular cells of hypothalamus

51
Q

what drug is mainly used for GH insensitivity

A

mecasermin

52
Q

what drug prevents GH receptor dimerization

A

pegvisomat

53
Q

what drug is used for HIV lipodystrophy

A

tesamorelin

54
Q

who is tolvaptan used in

A

people with heart failure

55
Q

who is convaptan used in

A

people who are euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia

56
Q

what do LH and FSH share with TSH and hCG

A

alpha subunit

57
Q

where are V2 receptors located

A

nephron

58
Q

how is nephrogenic diabetes insidious treated

A

amiloride or hydrochlorothiazide

LECOM pharmacology notecards (22 decks)

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