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LECOM pharmacology notecards > chapter 26- pharm of hypothalamus and pituitary gland > Flashcards

chapter 26- pharm of hypothalamus and pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

what growth hormone replacement can be used to treat prader-willi and turner’s syndrome

A

somatotropin and somatrem

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2
Q

what are the common side effects of somatropin and somatrem use

A

increased intracranial pressure, pancreatitis, rapid growth of nevi

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3
Q

what are the contraindications for somatropin and somatrem use

A

patients with closed epiphyses, active underlying intracranial lesion, active malignancy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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4
Q

what inhibits the growth-promoting effect of somatotropin

A

glucocorticoids

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5
Q

what medication is used as diagnostic evaluation of decreased plasma growth hormone

A

sermorelin

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6
Q

what are the adverse effects of sermorelin use

A

transient flushing, chest tightness, antibody development

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7
Q

what are the adverse effects of tesamorelin use

A

arthralgia, peripheral edema, myalgia

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8
Q

what are the contraindications for tesamorelin use

A

active malignancy, pregnancy

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9
Q

what can be used to monitor IGF-1 and glucose level during therapy

A

tesamorelin

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10
Q

what medication can be used to treat laron dwarfism

A

mecasermin

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11
Q

what are the adverse effects of mecasermin

A

hypoglycemia, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, raised intracranial pressure, seizure, tonsillar hypertrophy

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12
Q

what is the mechanism of action of octreotide

A

inhibits GH release

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13
Q

what are the clinical applications for octreotide

A

esophageal varices, acromegaly, TSH-producing adenomas

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14
Q

what are the side effects of octreotide use

A

hypoglycemia, gallstone formation, diarrhea, lightheadedness

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15
Q

what is the clinical application of pegvisomant

A

acromegaly

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16
Q

what are the adverse effects of pegvisomant

A

elevated LFTs, HTN, peripheral edema, paresthesias, dizziness

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17
Q

what is the mechanism of action of pegvisomant

A

antagonizes GH receptor

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18
Q

what is the mechanism of action of bromocriptine

A

inhibits lactotroph growth

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19
Q

what are the clinical applications of bromocriptine

A

amenorrhea and galactorrhea from hyperprolactinemia, acromegaly, parkinson’s disease, premenstrual syndrome

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20
Q

what are the adverse effects of bromocriptine

A

dizziness, hypotension, abdominal cramps, nausea

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21
Q

what are the contraindications of bromocriptine

A

hypersensitivity to ergot derivatives, uncontrolled HTN, toxemia of pregnancy

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22
Q

what prolactin inhibitor may cause alcohol intolerance

A

bromocriptine

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23
Q

what is the clinical application of cabergoline

A

hyperprolactinemia

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24
Q

what are the adverse effects of cabergoline

A

MI, heart failure, pulmonary fibrosis, pleural effusion, hallucinations

25
what are the contraindications of carbergoline
pregnancy, uncontrolled HTN
26
what is the clinical application of protirelin
diagnosis of thyroid function
27
what are the adverse effects of protirelin use
seizure, amaurosis faux in patients with pituitary tumors, anxiety, diaphoresis
28
what medications decrease protirelin-mediated TSH release
cyproheptadine and thioridazine
29
what are the contraindications for thyrotropin (TSH)
adrenal insufficiency, coronary thrombosis
30
what is the main reason for thyrotropin
used to stimulate radioactive iodine uptake in the treatment of thyroid cancer
31
what drug is used to diagnose adrenocortical function, especially primary vs secondary
cosyntropin
32
what is the response to cosyntropin in primary adrenocortical deficiency
failure to increase plasma cortisol concentration
33
what are the adverse effects of cosyntropin use
increased intracranial pressure with papilledema, pseudo tumor cerebri, seizures, necrotizing vasculitis, induction of latent DM, bronchospasm
34
what are the contraindications for cosyntropin use
its with PUD, scleroderma, osteoporosis, systemic fungal infections, ocular herpes simplex, cushings syndrome
35
what is the clinical application of gonadorelin
diagnosis of hypogonadism, stimulate ovulation
36
what are the side effects of gonadorelin
anaphylaxis with multiple administrations, lightheadedness
37
what GnRH analogues can cause DVT
goserelin and leuprolide
38
what GnRH analogues can cause pituitary apoplexy
leuprolide
39
what are the clinical applications of ganirelix and cetrorelix
inhibition of premature LH surges in women undergoing control of ovarian hyper stimulation
40
what are the adverse effects of ganirelix
ectopic pregnancy, thrombotic disorder, spontaneous abortion
41
how do you get urofollitropin
isolated from urine of post-menopausal women
42
what are the clinical applications for follitropin and urofillitropin
ovulation induction, male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
43
define primary endocrine disorder
caused by target organ pathology
44
define secondary endocrine disorder
reflects pituitary disease
45
define tertiary endocrine disorder
results from hypothalamic pathology
46
what does dopamine inhibit
lactotroph activity and prolactin
47
what does increased prolactin levels do to estrogen synthesis
surpasses it
48
what is CRH used for a diagnostic tool in
petrosal sinus sampling for ACTH
49
what is the most commonly used GnRH agonist
leuprolide
50
what produces ADH
magnocellular cells of hypothalamus
51
what drug is mainly used for GH insensitivity
mecasermin
52
what drug prevents GH receptor dimerization
pegvisomat
53
what drug is used for HIV lipodystrophy
tesamorelin
54
who is tolvaptan used in
people with heart failure
55
who is convaptan used in
people who are euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia
56
what do LH and FSH share with TSH and hCG
alpha subunit
57
where are V2 receptors located
nephron
58
how is nephrogenic diabetes insidious treated
amiloride or hydrochlorothiazide

LECOM pharmacology notecards (22 decks)

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