Chapter 44: Hazardous Materials

Question 1

hazardous material

Answer 1

one that in any quantity poses a threat or unreasonable risk to life, health, or property if not properly controlled during manufacture, processing, packaging, handling, storage. transportation, use, and disposal

Question 2

TRACEMA

Answer 2

acronym to remember the types of damage that can be caused by hazardous materials:
Thermal
Radiological
Asphyxiation
Chemical
Etiological
Mechanical

Question 3

amount of damage depends on

Answer 3

route of exposure, dose, concentration, amount of times patient is exposed

Question 4

placard

Answer 4

four sided, diamond-shaped sign that designates hazardous materials in transit on roadways

Question 5

emergency response guidebook sections

Answer 5

Yellow: name of chemical can be found here by matching it to the UN number

Blue: lists hazardous materials by name in alphabetical order, cross-referenced with UN number, provides the appropriate guide number for each material

Orange: all hazardous materials listed are grouped into 1 to 63 guide numbers, provides info about PPE, evacuation distances, spill control, fire control, first aid measures

Green: denotes the chemical presents a specific hazard as a toxic industrial hazard when spilled

Question 6

first responder awareness

Answer 6

training level for those who are likely to witness or discover a hazardous materials emergency

Question 7

first responder operations

Answer 7

training level for those who initially respond to hazardous material emergencies

Question 8

hazardous materials technician

Answer 8

training level for rescuers who actually plug, patch, or stop the release of a hazardous material

Question 9

hazardous materials specialist

Answer 9

training level for rescuers who have advanced knowledge and skills who provide command and support activities at the site of a hazardous materials emergency

Question 10

RAIN

Answer 10

R: recognize that a hazardous materials incident has occurred
A: avoid contact with the hazardous substance
I: isolate the area
N: notify the appropriate authorities or response agencies

Question 11

decontamination

Answer 11

the removal of hazardous substances from exposed individuals to the extent necessary to prevent the occurrence of foreseeable adverse harm

Question 12

safety zone

Answer 12

established, rescue operations and a specific sequence of decontamination procedures take place

Question 13

hot zone

Answer 13

aka exclusion zone or contamination zone, where contamination can be present, restricted, only work done is hazard assessment, rescue, control of hazard

Question 14

warm zone

Answer 14

aka contamination reduction zone or control zone, immediately adjacent to hot zone, all personnel must wear appropriate protective gear, prevents spread of contamination, work done: lifesaving emergency care, initial decontamination efforts

Question 15

cold zone

Answer 15

aka the support zone or safe zone, shouldn’t contain any contamination, continue emergency care here

Question 16

exposure to radiation

Answer 16

when the patient is in the presence of radioactive material but it does not touch clothing or body, patient does not become radioactive

Question 17

contamination from radiation

Answer 17

when the patient has direct contact with the source of radioactivity

Question 18

two major principles about radiation-related accidents

Answer 18

1. protect yourself and others from contamination
2. no EMT should ever attempt to decontaminate a radiation patient

Question 19

factors to protect from radiation

Answer 19

• time
• distance
• shielding
• quantity

Question 20

radiation sickness

Answer 20

caused by exposure to large amounts of radiation

Question 21

radiation injury

Answer 21

local injury that is generally caused by exposure to large amounts of less penetrating particles

Question 22

radiation poisoning

Answer 22

when the patient has been exposed to dangerous amounts of internal radiation

Question 23

clandestine drug laboratories

Answer 23

illegal drug production and processing locations operated by criminals for the manufacture and distribution of illegal drugs