Chapter 14: General Pharmacology and Medication Administration Flashcards
medication
a drug or other substance that is used as a remedy for illness
drug
a chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent a disease or condition
pharmacology
the study of drugs
EMT medication administration
EMT carries out steps necassary to give the patient the medication, patient simply follows directions from EMT
patient-assisted medication administration
the EMT prepares the medication and then hands it over to the patient
medications the EMT can administer or help administer
oxygen, oral glucose, activated charcoal, aspirin, inhaled bronchodilator, nitroglycerin, epinephrine, naloxone hydrochloride
oxygen for a medical patient
nasal cannula starting at 2lpm, only use nonrebreather mask at 15lpm if severe hypoxia signs are present
oxygen for a trauma patient
nonrebreather mask at 15lpm
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
used by a patient who has some type of respiratory disease (usually emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis), a type of inhaled bronchodilator
atrovent
MDI medication, non-beta2, blocks the parasympathetic NS stimulation of the bronchiole smooth muscles which prevents bronchoconstriction
small volume nebulizer (SVN)
inhaled bronchodilator, delivers beta2 medications, creates a continuous flow of vapor that contains the medication
chemical name
describes the drug’s chemical structure
generic name
reflects chemical characteristics but in a shorter form than chemical name
trade name
brand name, assigned when drug is released for commercial distribution
official name
from the US Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary, generic name plus USP or NF
route
how the medication is given to/taken by patient
sublingual
under the tongue, patient does not swallow it, relatively quick absorption rate into blood, patient must be alert
oral
by mouth (swallowed), absorbed in small intestine, slower route
inhalation
gas or aerosol, inhaled by patient, deposits to site needed
intramuscular injection
IM, injected into muscle mass, relatively rapid absorption
intranasal
sprayed into one or both nostrils using a delivery device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) either attached to syringe or built into device, fast absorption
subcutaneous
injected under skin into subcutaneous layer, slower absorption that intramuscular injections
form
limits administration to one route, determines drug effects
compressed powder or tablet
small disk or elongated shape
liquid solution for injection or intranasal administration
liquid substance with no particulate matter
gel
viscous substance that patient swallows
suspension
drug particles mixed in a suitable liquid
fine powder for inhalation
crystalline solid mixed with liquid to form a suspension
small-volume nebulizer
compressed gas forced into a chamber containing medications, mixes with medication and forms an aerosol
gas
inhaled, systemic effects
spray
spray droplets, usually under tongue
indications
the most common uses of the drug in treating a specific condition
contraindications
situations in which the drug should not be administered due to potential harm
dose
how much of the drug should be given to patient
administration
route and form in which the drug is given
actions
the effect the drug has on the body
therapeutic effect
the intended positive response by the body
mechanism of action
how the drug works to create its effect on the body
side effects
actions that are not desired and that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic effects
the 5 rights
- right patient
- right medication
- right route
- right dose
- right date (time)
