Chapter 14: General Pharmacology and Medication Administration

Question 1

medication

Answer 1

a drug or other substance that is used as a remedy for illness

Question 2

drug

Answer 2

a chemical substance that is used to treat or prevent a disease or condition

Question 3

pharmacology

Answer 3

the study of drugs

Question 4

EMT medication administration

Answer 4

EMT carries out steps necassary to give the patient the medication, patient simply follows directions from EMT

Question 5

patient-assisted medication administration

Answer 5

the EMT prepares the medication and then hands it over to the patient

Question 6

medications the EMT can administer or help administer

Answer 6

oxygen, oral glucose, activated charcoal, aspirin, inhaled bronchodilator, nitroglycerin, epinephrine, naloxone hydrochloride

Question 7

oxygen for a medical patient

Answer 7

nasal cannula starting at 2lpm, only use nonrebreather mask at 15lpm if severe hypoxia signs are present

Question 8

oxygen for a trauma patient

Answer 8

nonrebreather mask at 15lpm

Question 9

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

Answer 9

used by a patient who has some type of respiratory disease (usually emphysema, asthma, chronic bronchitis), a type of inhaled bronchodilator

Question 10

atrovent

Answer 10

MDI medication, non-beta2, blocks the parasympathetic NS stimulation of the bronchiole smooth muscles which prevents bronchoconstriction

Question 11

small volume nebulizer (SVN)

Answer 11

inhaled bronchodilator, delivers beta2 medications, creates a continuous flow of vapor that contains the medication

Question 12

chemical name

Answer 12

describes the drug’s chemical structure

Question 13

generic name

Answer 13

reflects chemical characteristics but in a shorter form than chemical name

Question 14

trade name

Answer 14

brand name, assigned when drug is released for commercial distribution

Question 15

official name

Answer 15

from the US Pharmacopoeia or National Formulary, generic name plus USP or NF

Question 16

route

Answer 16

how the medication is given to/taken by patient

Question 17

sublingual

Answer 17

under the tongue, patient does not swallow it, relatively quick absorption rate into blood, patient must be alert

Question 18

oral

Answer 18

by mouth (swallowed), absorbed in small intestine, slower route

Question 19

inhalation

Answer 19

gas or aerosol, inhaled by patient, deposits to site needed

Question 20

intramuscular injection

Answer 20

IM, injected into muscle mass, relatively rapid absorption

Question 21

intranasal

Answer 21

sprayed into one or both nostrils using a delivery device called a mucosal atomizer device (MAD) either attached to syringe or built into device, fast absorption

Question 22

subcutaneous

Answer 22

injected under skin into subcutaneous layer, slower absorption that intramuscular injections

Question 23

form

Answer 23

limits administration to one route, determines drug effects

Question 24

compressed powder or tablet

Answer 24

small disk or elongated shape

Question 25

liquid solution for injection or intranasal administration

Answer 25

liquid substance with no particulate matter

Question 26

gel

Answer 26

viscous substance that patient swallows

Question 27

suspension

Answer 27

drug particles mixed in a suitable liquid

Question 28

fine powder for inhalation

Answer 28

crystalline solid mixed with liquid to form a suspension

Question 29

small-volume nebulizer

Answer 29

compressed gas forced into a chamber containing medications, mixes with medication and forms an aerosol

Question 30

gas

Answer 30

inhaled, systemic effects

Question 31

spray

Answer 31

spray droplets, usually under tongue

Question 32

indications

Answer 32

the most common uses of the drug in treating a specific condition

Question 33

contraindications

Answer 33

situations in which the drug should not be administered due to potential harm

Question 34

dose

Answer 34

how much of the drug should be given to patient

Question 35

administration

Answer 35

route and form in which the drug is given

Question 36

actions

Answer 36

the effect the drug has on the body

Question 37

therapeutic effect

Answer 37

the intended positive response by the body

Question 38

mechanism of action

Answer 38

how the drug works to create its effect on the body

Question 39

side effects

Answer 39

actions that are not desired and that occur in addition to the desired therapeutic effects

Question 40

the 5 rights

Answer 40

• right patient
• right medication
• right route
• right dose
• right date (time)