Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EMT Class > Chapter 37: Obstetrics and Care of the Newborn > Flashcards

Chapter 37: Obstetrics and Care of the Newborn Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

ovaries

A

female gonads or sex glands, two, one on each side of uterus in upper portion of pelvic cavity, secrete estrogen and progesterone and develop/release mature eggs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ovum

A

the mature egg that is released from the ovary each month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fallopian tubes

A

aka uterine tibes, thin flexible structures that extend from the uterus to the voaries, end near ovaries is funnel with fingerlike projections and is open to abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

peristalsis

A

wavelike movement from muscular contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

uterus

A

pear shaped organ that contains the developing fetus, allows for great expansion during pregnancy and forcable contractions during labor and delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fetus

A

unborn infant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fundus

A

top portion of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

body/corpus

A

middle portion of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cervix

A

narrow, tapered neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

endometrium

A

innermost lining of uterus, sheds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

myometrium

A

middle lining of uterus, thick, smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

perimetrium

A

serous membrane that partially covers corpus of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bloody show

A

the expulsion of the plug of mucus in the cervix, signals the first stage of labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

placenta

A

“organ of pregnancy,” disk-shaped inner lining of the uterus, begins to develop after ovum is fertilized and attaches itself to uterine wall, rich in blood, sole organ through which fetus receives oxygen/nutrients and discards CO2/waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

afterbirth

A

placenta separates from uterine wall after infant is born, delivered, generally 1/6th infants weight (~1lb)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

umbilical cord

A

unborn infant’s lifeline, attaches fetus to placenta, contains 1 vein and 2 arteries, vein carries oxygenated blood and nutrients to fetus, arteries carry deoxygenated blood and waste back to placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

wharton jelly

A

protective substance that covers vein and arteries in umbilical cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

amniotic sac

A

bag of waters, filled with amniotic fluid in which infant floats, sac tears at onset of labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

vagina

A

lower part of birth canal from cervix to opening of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

pre-embryonic stage

A

first 14 days after conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

embryonic stage

A

day 15 to 8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

fetal stage

A

from 8 weeks to delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

neonate

A

newly delivered baby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

gestation

A

pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

trimester

A

each 3 month period of the pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

antepartum

A

prior to the onset of labor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

hyperemesis gravidarum (HG)

A

severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, due to hormonal increases, persistent nausea and vomiting associated with weight loss and ketone body formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

hemorrhage

A

one of the leading causes of death in the pregnant patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

spontaneous abortion

A

aka miscarriage, can occur for any number of reasons, delivery of the fetus and placenta before the twentieth week of gestation, most occur before twelfth week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

one occurring outside the uterus, relatively rare, can be fatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

placenta previa

A

a cause of third-trimester vaginal bleeding WITHOUT pain, abnormal implantation of the placenta over or near the opening of the cervix, 3 types: total, partial, marginal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

total placenta previa

A

placenta completely covers the cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

partial placenta previa

A

placenta covers the cervix partially but not completely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

marginal placenta previa

A

placenta implanted near the neck of the cervix, cervical dilation can cause partial tears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

emergency medical care for hyperemesis gravidarum

A

supportive: airway, ventilation, oxygenation

36
Q

emergency medical care for spontaneous abortion

A

antepartum care, ask when patient’s last menstrual period began, emotional support, assess for signs/symptoms of hypovolemic shock

37
Q

emergency medical care for ectopic pregnancy

A

administer high O2 concentration (nonrebreather 15lpm), transport

38
Q

emergency medical care for placenta previa

A

antepartum emergency care, administer high conc O2 via nonrebreather 15lpm, transport

39
Q

abruptio placentae

A

aka placental abruption, premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, small vessels rupturing causes bleeding and this blood pushes the placenta away from the uterine wall, making it tear away more. causes: fetal hypoxia, inadequate nutreitn delivery, poor elimination of waste. also causes: maternal blood loss, hypovolemic shock. 2 types: complete and partial. signs/symptoms: vaginal bleeding with abdominal pain/tenderness in the second half of pregnancy

40
Q

complete abruptio placentae

A

the placenta completely separates from the uterine wall, has a 100% fetal mortality rate

41
Q

partial abruptio placentae

A

placenta is partially torn from uterine wall, 30-60% fetal mortality rate

42
Q

emergency medical care for abruptio placentae

A

same as placenta previa: administer high concentration of O2 via nonrebreather 15lpm, treat for shock, transport

43
Q

ruptured uterus

A

a life threatening emergency, due to the uterine wall becoming thin as it stretches, results in severe maternal hemorrhage and severe fetal distress. signs/symptoms: history of previous uterine rupture, abdominal trauma, large fetus. having born 2+ children, history of prplongued/diffucult labor, prior c-section or uterine surgery. tearing/shearing pain, constant severe abdominal pain, etc…

44
Q

emergency medical care for ruptured uterus

A

general guidelines for emergency medical care for a pre-delivery emergency, high concentration O2 via nonrebreather 15lpm, treat for shock, transport

45
Q

seizures during pregnancy

A

can be life threatening emergency for mother and fetus, care: prevent injuries, transport calmly, care as normal for seizure patient

46
Q

pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)

A

blood pressure in a pregnant woman that is greater than 140/90mmHg on two or more occasions at 6 hours apart

47
Q

preeclampsia

A

aka toxemia during pregnacy, common condition, usually in the last trimester, high blood pressure and protein in urine

48
Q

eclampsia

A

more severe form of preeclampsia that includes an unexplained coma or new onset of generalized tonic clonic seizures in a patient with preeclampsia

49
Q

emergency medical care for preeclampsia/eclampsia

A

high concentration of O2 via nonrebreather at 15lpm, keep suction close at hand, transport, monitor and be prepared for seizure

50
Q

supine hypotensive syndrome

A

second or third trimester complication, the weight of the fetus compresses the inferior vena cava when the patient is in a supine position, which reduces the blood flow to the right atrium, which decreases stroke volume, reduces stroke volume and decreases cardiac output, which reduces systolic BP and perfusion. signs/symptoms: dizziness/light-headedness when ina supine position

51
Q

emergency medical care for supine hypotensive syndrome

A

keep patient (in 20th week of gestation or later OR fundus of uterus is at umbilicus or above) sitting, lying on site, supine with right hip elevated at least 15 degrees

52
Q

obstetric emergency

A

an emergency having to do with pregnancy or childbirth

53
Q

gravida

A

refers to pregnancy, roman numeral after it refers to the number of pregnancies (e.g. gravida I = a patient who is pregnant for the first time)

54
Q

primigravida

A

patient who is pregnant for the first time

55
Q

para

A

refers to a woman who has given birth to a fetus of 20 weeks of gestation or greater, regardless of whether it was live birth or stillborn. para I = a mother who gave birth to the first time. refers to delivery events, NOT number of children birthed

56
Q

general emergency care guidelines for pre-delivery emergency

A
  1. ensure adequate airway, breathing, oxygenation, circulation (administer high conc. O2 via nonrebreather 15lpm)
  2. care for vaginal bleeding
  3. treat for shock if needed
  4. provide emergency medical care as you would for the non-pregnant woman based on any other signs/symptoms
  5. transport patient on side
57
Q

labor

A

term used to describe the process of birth, consists of contractions of the uterine wall which expel the fetus and the placenta out of the uterus and vagina

58
Q

three stages of labor

A

dilation, expulsion, placental delivery

59
Q

dilation

A

the first stage of labor, from the beginning of true labor (contractions) to complete cervical dilation and 100% effacement

60
Q

effacement

A

the thinning and shortening of the uterus

61
Q

Braxton-Hicks contractions

A

“false labor,” painless, short-duration, irregular contractions that can occur as early as 13 weeks gestation

62
Q

expulsion

A

second stage of labor, begins with complete cervical dilation, ends with delivery of baby

63
Q

perineym

A

area of skin between vagina and anus, bulges during expulsion (sign of impending birth)

64
Q

crowning

A

the top of the infant’s head appearing at the vaginal opening

65
Q

placental delivery

A

third stage of labor, begins following the delivery of the baby, ends with the expulsion of the placenta

66
Q

neonate

A

newborn infant

67
Q

neonate

A

newborn infant (within the first 28-30 days after birth)

68
Q

newly born

A

at time of birth

69
Q

newborn

A

within the first few hours of birth

70
Q

infant

A

from 28-30 days to 1 year of age

71
Q

fundus at the umbilical

A

approximate gestational age is 20 weeks

72
Q

fundus at the xiphoid process

A

approximate gestational age is 38 weeks

73
Q

three cases in which you must assist in the delivery of the infant

A
  • if you have no suitable transportation
  • if the hospital or physician cannot be reached due to bad weather
  • if delivery is imminent
74
Q

imminent delivery

A
  • crowning has occurred
  • contractions are less than 2 minutes apart and they are intense and last from 60-90 seconds
  • patient feels the infant’s head moving down the birth canal (urge to defecate)
  • patient has a strong urge to push with contractions
  • patient’s abdomen is extremely hard
75
Q

emergency medical care for a patient in active labor for a normal delivery

A
  • position the patient with knees drawn up and legs far apart (McRoberts position)
  • administer oxygen (nasal cannula 2lpm
  • create a sterile field around the vaginal opening
  • monitor patient for vomiting
  • assess for delivery of the baby’s head
  • place your gloved fingers on the bony part of the infant’s skull when it crowns, exert gentle pressure horizontally across the perineum to reduce the risk of traumatic tears
  • tear the amniotic sac if it is not already ruptured with your fingers
  • assess for a nuchal cord (umbilical cord around the infants neck), slip cord over infants shoulders or head with two fingers or place two clamps 2-3 inches apart and cut clamps with scissors
  • suction neonate’s airway only if obvious obstruction to breathing exists (with bulb syringe)
  • deliver the anterior (upper) shoulder with both hands supporting the head, apply slight downward movement that enables the upper shoulder to deliver
  • deliver the posterior (lower) shoulder with both hands supporting the hand, apply slight upward movement that enables the lower shoulder to deliver
  • as the torso and full body are expelled support the newborn with both hands
  • secure the head neck and body and grasp the feet to complete the delivery
76
Q

occiput anterior

A

back of the head facing upward, face is facing downward

77
Q

occiput posterior

A

fetal face is upward, back of head is facing downward

78
Q

emergency care for the newborn

A
  • dry, wrap, warm, and position the patient and suction only if necessary
  • clamp, tie, and cut the umbilical cord (30 second delay), place clamps on cord about 3in apart, cut between two claps leaving about 6 inches attached to abdomen
  • perform an APGAR score 1 minute and 5 minutes following birth
  • keep newborn warm, continually reassess
79
Q

emergency care for the mother post normal delivery

A
  • deliver the placenta (usually within 10 minutes of infant, almost always within 20 min)
  • keep the delivered placenta (place in plastic bag from OB kit)
  • place one or two sanitary pads or sterile dressings over the vaginal opening and perineum (if perineum torn, apply direct pressure/sterile dressings to control)
  • for excessive blood loss: perform uterine massage, allow infant to suckle on mother’s breast, transport immediately
  • record time of delivery, transport mother, newborn, placenta to hospital
80
Q

general emergency care for an abnormal delivery

A

immediate transport, administration of high-concentration oxygen, restraining delivery, continuous assessment of vital signs

81
Q

intrapartum emergency

A

emergency that occurs during the period from the onset of labor to the actual delivery of the newborn

82
Q

prolapsed cord

A

the umbilical cord is the first part presenting at the vaginal opening, can cut off the infant’s oxygenated blood supply, a true emergency

83
Q

emergency medical care for prolapsed cord

A
  • instruct patient to NOT push (tell them to pant like a dog during contractions)
  • administer high conc. O2 via nonrebreather 15lpm
  • position patient on stretcher in a “knee chest” position (kneeling, bent forward, face down, head down, chest to knees)
  • insert a gloved hand into vagina, gently push or lift the presenting part of the fetus away from the cord
  • cover the umbilical cord with a sterile dressing moistened with a sterile saline solution
  • transport patient immediately while maintaining pressure on the head, buttocks, or other presenting part
84
Q

breech birth

A

one in which the fetal buttocks or lower extremities are the presenting part and the first to be delivered, the most common abnormal presentation, most significant problem is the lack of “wedge” to stretch and dilate the pelvic opening to deliver the remainder of the fetus –> the head can get stuck in the sacrum/symphysis pubic

85
Q

frank breech

A

hips flexed, knees extended, the most common breech presentation, fairly good dilating wedge

86
Q

complete breech

A

both hips and knees flexed, less common, not as good of a wedge as frank breech

EMT Class (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions