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EMT Class > Chapter 29: Burns > Flashcards

Chapter 29: Burns Flashcards

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1
Q

risk factors for burn injury

A
  • extreme age group
  • poverty
  • african and native americans
  • living in rural area
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2
Q

BSA

A

body surface area

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3
Q

burn shock

A

develops only after the first few hours, results from extensive vascular bed damage that allows both fluid and protein molecules in the plasma to leak into surrounding tissues, blood plasma seeps out everywhere due to fluid imbalance, there is a large fluid shift out of vessels

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4
Q

laryngeal edema

A

swelling of the larynx lining

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5
Q

eschar

A

tough, leathery burned skin

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6
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

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7
Q

superficial burns

A

aka first degree, only involves epidermis, usually by flash, hot liquid, sun. skin appears pink/red, is dry, slight swelling, no blisters, soft and tender

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8
Q

partial thickness burns

A

aka a second degree burn, involves epidermis and dermis, from fire, hot liquids/objects, chemical substances, sun. plasma/tissue fluids collect between skin layers, form blisters, painful

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9
Q

superficial partial-thickness burns

A
  • think walled blisters
  • skin red and weeping
  • skin blanches with pressure
  • skin is soft and tender to touch
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10
Q

deep partial thickness burns

A
  • thick-walled blisters often rupture
  • skin can be a variable color, patchy areas that are red to cheesy white
  • skin doesn’t blanch under pressure
  • skin is wet or waxy dry
  • patient can still feel pressure at site
  • poor capillary refill to burn site
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11
Q

full-thickness burns

A

aka third degree, involves all skin layers, from extreme heat sources. skin becomes dry, hard, tough, leathery, can appear white and waxy to dark brown/black and charred, does not blanch to pressure

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12
Q

eschar

A

tough and leathery dead soft tissue formed in the full-thickness burn injury

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13
Q

most important factors to consider for burn severity

A
  • depth of burn
  • location of burn
  • patient’s age
  • preexisting medical conditions
  • percentage of body surface area involved
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14
Q

circumferential burns

A

encircle a body area, critical because of circulatory compromise

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15
Q

compartment syndrome

A

develops when the edema is so extensive under the burned area that it starts to compress the nerves and vessels

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16
Q

rule of nines

A

standardized way to quickly determine the amount of skin surface (BSA) percentage of a burn, aka the TBSA, applied only to partial-thickness or full-thickness

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17
Q

Lund and Brower system

A

more accurate way of determining BSA by mapping the burned area on a chart that is appropriate for the patient’s age

18
Q

rule of ones

A

aka rule of palms, a way to calculate BSA by comparing it to the patient’s palm surface area with the finger closed, which represents about 1% BSA

19
Q

thermal burns

A

associated with heat applied to body, severity is related to exposure duration, temperature, and potential for inhalation injury

20
Q

scalds

A

thermal burns caused by hot water, caused by contact with hot liquid, more severe burns from more viscous liquid due to longer contact time, can be child abuse

21
Q

inhalation burns

A

high temperature air or steam that is inhaled, causes damage to the mucosa of upper airway, results in edema that could restrict airflow or lead to airway obstruction

22
Q

chemical burns

A

produced by acids, alkalis, other heat-generating chemicals, severity depends on type of chemical, concentration, exposure duration

23
Q

electrical burns

A

result from resistance to electrical current flow in the body, primarily internal, can result in cardiac arrest

24
Q

radiation burns

A

from absorption of radiation into the body

25
Q

flame burn

A

patient comes into contact with open flame

26
Q

contact burn

A

occurs from contact with a hot object, burn normally localized to area of contact

27
Q

steam burn

A

from hot steam, more severe than flame burns, can cause thermal burns to distal airways in lungs

28
Q

gas burns

A

hot gasses, can cause upper airway burns, not likely to cause distal airway burns

29
Q

electrical burns

A

causes mostly internal burns, clothing can ignite

30
Q

flash burn

A

type of flame burn, result of a flammable gas or liquid that ignites quickly, areas of body covered by clothing normally are not burned

31
Q

emergency medical care for burns

A
  1. remove patient from the source of burn and stop the burning process
  2. establish and maintain airway, breathing, oxygenation
  3. classify the severity of the burn and transport immediately if critical
  4. cover the burned area with a dry sterile dressing or a burn sheet
  5. keep patient warm and treat other injuries as needed
  6. transport patient to appropriate medical facility
32
Q

burn sheet

A

sterile particle free and disposable

33
Q

special considerations for burns of hands and toes

A

remove all rings and jewelry, separate digits with dry sterile dressing

34
Q

special considerations for burns of eyes

A

do not attempt to open eyelids, determine whether burn is thermal or chemical. thermal: apply a dry sterile dressing to both eyes. chemical: flush with water from medial to lateral side en route to hospital

35
Q

rules for chemical burns

A
  • protect yourself first
  • dry chemicals should be brushed off before flushing with water
  • most chemical burns can be flushed with copious amounts of water
36
Q

dry lime

A

brush off all dry lime before flushing with water, it can react with water and produce a corrosive and harmful substance

37
Q

hydrofluoric acid

A

used to etch glass, can penetrate skin and cause delayed burn so patient might not have symptoms, flush with water regardless

38
Q

carbolic acid (phenol)

A

can cause severe burns, it is quickly absorbed into skin, vapor is highly toxic, can first be flushed with isopropyl alcohol and then water

39
Q

sulfuric acid

A

can react with water to produce heat, need to use large quantity of water

40
Q

guidelines for electrical burn injuries

A
  • never attempt to remove a patient from an electrical source unless trained and equipped
  • never touch a patient still in contact with the electrical source
  • once the patient has been removed from the electrical source, establish and maintain a patent airway
  • administer supplemental oxygen if needed
  • monitor patient for cardiac arrest
  • assess patient for muscle tenderness
  • assess for a source and ground injury
  • transport the patient ASAP

EMT Class (37 decks)

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