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EMT Class > Chapter 40: Patients with Special Challenges > Flashcards

Chapter 40: Patients with Special Challenges Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

sensory impairment

A

hearing, vision, speech

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2
Q

hearing impairment

A

loss or diminishment in the person’s ability to hear sounds

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3
Q

deafness

A

inability to hear

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4
Q

3 ways to lose vision

A

disease, injury, degenerative disorders

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5
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

from diabetes mellitus, long term disease effects cause damage to small blood vessels of eye

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6
Q

four basic types of speech impairments

A

articulation disorders, voice production disorders, language disorders, fluency disorders

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7
Q

dysarthria

A

articulation disorders caused by impairment of the tongue or other muscles needed for speech, patient cannot pronounce words correctly

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8
Q

birth defects

A

conditions that interfere with how a body part or system operates, present at birth

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9
Q

autism/autism spectrum disorder

A

range or neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impaired social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and restricted and repetitive behavior, due to genetic and environmental fators

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10
Q

cerebral palsy

A

umbrella term for motor impairments that result from brain abnormalities that arise early in development

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11
Q

paraplegic

A

paralysis from waist down

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12
Q

quadriplegic

A

paralyzed in all four extremities

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13
Q

bariatrics

A

branch of medicine that deals with the management of obese patients

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14
Q

factors contributing to homelesness

A
  • poverty
  • substance abuse
  • lack of affordable housing
  • mental illness
  • prison release back into society
  • domestic violence
  • mortgage foreclosures and forced evictions
  • natural disaster
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15
Q

human trafficking

A

form of modern day slavery, traffickers use force, fraud or coercions to control victims for the purposes of engaging in commercial sex acts or labor services against their will

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16
Q

sex trafficking

A

recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a person for the purposes of a commercial sex act in which the commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has bot attained 18 years of age

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17
Q

labor trafficking

A

recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, obtaining, patronizing, or soliciting of a person for labor or services, using force, fraud, or coercion for the purposes of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery

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18
Q

domestic violence

A

physical violence between two people in an intimate relationship

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19
Q

physical abuse

A

use of physical force to cause injury

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20
Q

verbal abuse

A

the use of derogatory terms to reduce the victim’s self esteem

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21
Q

emotional or psychological abuse

A

threats and degrading behavior against the victim to create emotional and psychological trauma

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22
Q

sexual abuse

A

any type of sexual activity with the victim without her consent

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23
Q

spiritual abuse

A

the victim is not permitted to practice her religion or the religion of her choice

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24
Q

financial or material abuse

A

the victim is controlled by restricting their financial independence or access to money or ability to acquire material items such as clothing, medications, and food

25
Q

cycle of violence: phase 1

A

tension between victim and abuser increases, victim tries to please abuser

26
Q

cycle of violence: phase 2

A

violence occurs on a regular basis with increasing frequency and severity

27
Q

cycle of violence: phase 3

A

“honeymoon” phase, abuser apologizes and buys gifts, etc

28
Q

3 types of oxygen sources

A
  • oxygen cylinder
  • oxygen concentrator
  • liquid oxygen
29
Q

apnea monitor

A

constantly monitors patient breathing, emits warning signal if breathing ceases

30
Q

tracheostomy

A

performed when the patient needs a new airway, surgical opening in neck into trachea that provides an alternate air route

31
Q

stoma

A

permanent tracheostomy opening

32
Q

cpap (continuous positive airway pressure) and bipap (bilevel positive airway pressure)

A

provide therapeutic back-pressure during respiration via an airway circuit attached to a mask that covers mouth and/or nose

33
Q

high-pressure alarm

A

when the pressure needed to cause lung inflation exceeds the present value

34
Q

low-pressure alarm

A

when the tidal volume falls 50-100mL below set volume

35
Q

apnea alarm

A

when the patient stops breathing

36
Q

low FiO2

A

when oxygen source is disconnected or depleted

37
Q

vascular access device

A

medical device used when a patient needs ongoing intravenous medications

38
Q

central intravenous catheter

A

placed while patient is in hospital, designed to deliver medications into the central circulation of body, usually long thin tube inserted into arm vein or neck vein

39
Q

central venous line

A

proximal port secured to anterior chest just below clavicle

40
Q

surgically implanted medication delivery devices / totally implantable venous access system

A

surgically placed beneath skin, outside rib cage, usually upper right chest

41
Q

ventricular assist device (VAD)

A

assists the pump function of the ventricles, most often assists the left, 3 parts: pump, electronic controller, batteries

42
Q

vagus nerve stimulator (VNS)

A

implanted device for seizure disorders, implanted under skin in chest wall

43
Q

acute renal failure (ARF)

A

when there is a rapid loss of renal function that results in decreased filtering, poor urine production, electrolyte disturbance, and fluid balance disturbance

44
Q

chronic renal failure (CRF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD)

A

when there is a progressive loss of kidney function over a period of months to years

45
Q

dialysis

A

medical procedure designed to support he lost function of the kidneys, removes the buildup of toxins

46
Q

hemodialysis

A

type of dialysis in which blood is extracted from the body and sent through a dialyzer

47
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

int he home or the extended care facility, dialysate fluid introduced into a port that leads into peritoneal cavity

48
Q

dialysis shunt

A

generic term, one of three different ways to join the arterial and venous systems together so that needlesticks do less damage

49
Q

AV shunt

A

short-term hemodyalisys patients

50
Q

AV fistula/AV graft

A

for long term dialysis patients

51
Q

enteral feeding

A

nourishment from feeding tubes

52
Q

gastrostomy

A

procedure that places a gastric tube into the abdomen

53
Q

ostomy bag

A

pouch or bag attached outside body that receives feces

54
Q

urinary catheter

A

diverts urine out of the bladder

55
Q

hydrocephalus

A

accumulation of excessive CSF

56
Q

intraventricular shunt

A

long, hollow tubelike device that is surgically placed to drain excess CSF

57
Q

terminally ill

A

disease process that is realistically expected to result in death

58
Q

palliative care

A

medical interventions centered on reducing the severity of disease symptoms and providing patient comfort

59
Q

hospice

A

the philosophy of care that is aimed at providing palliation of symptoms for patients and support for families

EMT Class (37 decks)

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